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Promethium vs Magnesium

Promethium
Magnesium
Magnesium vs Promethium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm   
Mg   
Group Number
Not Available   
2   
16
Period Number
6   
3   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440122   
99+
7439954   
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Joseph Black   
Discovery
In 1942   
In 1755   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-2 %   
2
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.07 %   
2
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
12.00 %   
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
2.90 %   
4
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.13 %   
2
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.03 %   
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
In Bone
Not Available   
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C   
99+
650.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C   
31
1,107.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
260.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,940.00 m/s   
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
74.00 %   
7
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm   
Mg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
15   
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.31   
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.32   
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.23   
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.37   
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.29   
35
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.69   
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
7th Energy level
Not Available   
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.66 eV   
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61   
99+
12   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
[Ne] 3s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61   
99+
12   
99+
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
12   
99+
Number of Electrons
61   
99+
12   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm   
10
160.00 pm   
27
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm   
12
141.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm   
16
173.00 pm   
37
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu   
99+
24.31 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)   
39
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
320.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
Unknown   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
17.00 GPa   
37
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa   
36
45.00 GPa   
25
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa   
38
45.00 GPa   
39
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26   
99+
1.74   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
156.00 W/m·K   
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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