Promethium vs Magnesium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm
Mg
Group Number
Not Available
2
16
Period Number
6
3
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440122
99+
7439954
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
Not Available
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Joseph Black
Discovery
In 1942
In 1755
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
6 * 10-2 %
2
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.07 %
2
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
12.00 %
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
2.90 %
4
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.13 %
2
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.03 %
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
- It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
5
In Bone
Not Available
1,800.00 p.p.m.
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C
99+
650.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C
31
1,107.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Unknown
Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
260.00 MPa
36
Speed of Sound
Not Available
4,940.00 m/s
11
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
74.00 %
7
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm
Mg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
15
24
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.31
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.32
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.23
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.37
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.29
35
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.69
23
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
99+
737.70 kJ/mol
24
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol
5
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol
38
10,542.50 kJ/mol
4
5th Energy Level
Not Available
13,630.00 kJ/mol
3
6th Energy Level
Not Available
18,020.00 kJ/mol
3
7th Energy level
Not Available
21,711.00 kJ/mol
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available
25,661.00 kJ/mol
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available
31,653.00 kJ/mol
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available
35,458.00 kJ/mol
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available
169,988.00 kJ/mol
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available
189,368.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr
36
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
3.66 eV
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61
99+
12
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Ne] 3s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
61
99+
12
99+
Number of Neutrons
84
40
12
99+
Number of Electrons
61
99+
12
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm
10
160.00 pm
27
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm
12
141.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm
16
173.00 pm
37
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu
99+
24.31 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol
12
13.97 cm3/mol
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)
39
40.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available
320.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
Unknown
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3
99+
1.74 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
1.58 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
17.00 GPa
37
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa
36
45.00 GPa
25
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa
38
45.00 GPa
39
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.26
99+
1.74
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m
99+
43.90 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.23 106/cm Ω
7
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
1.02 J/(kg K)
4
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
24.87 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K
99+
156.00 W/m·K
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)
99+
24.80 µm/(m·K)
15
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
128.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol
99+
8.95 kJ/mol
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol
34
148.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
32.70 J/mol.K
99+
|
||
|
||
|
