Promethium vs Tin
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm
Sn
Group Number
Not Available
14
4
Period Number
6
5
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440122
99+
7440315
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available
I41/amd
Space Group Number
Not Available
141.00
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Unknown
Discovery
In 1942
Before 3500 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
4 * 10-7 %
20
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000009 %
19
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
Industrial Uses
NA
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
Other Uses
NA
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
In Bone
Not Available
1.40 p.p.m.
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C
99+
231.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C
31
2,270.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Unknown
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
50.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,730.00 m/s
32
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
β Allotropes
Not Available
White Tin (Beta Tin)
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm
Sn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
1.96
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.49
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.72
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.21
3
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.82
11
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.04
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
99+
708.60 kJ/mol
33
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol
38
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr
36
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.42 eV
16
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61
99+
50
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
61
99+
50
99+
Number of Neutrons
84
40
69
99+
Number of Electrons
61
99+
50
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm
10
140.00 pm
38
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm
12
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm
16
217.00 pm
23
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu
99+
118.71 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol
12
16.30 cm3/mol
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)
39
83.50 (-eV)
14
Lattice Constant
Not Available
583.18 pm
7
Lattice Angles
Unknown
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3
99+
7.37 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
6.99 g/cm3
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
17
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa
36
58.00 GPa
20
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa
38
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.36
8
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.26
99+
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m
99+
115.00 nΩ·m
28
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
107.30 kJ/mol
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
27.11 J/mol·K
20
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K
99+
66.80 W/m·K
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)
99+
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
290.40 kJ/mol
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol
99+
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol
34
301.30 kJ/mol
35
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
51.20 J/mol.K
29
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