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Tin vs Promethium

Tin
Promethium
Promethium vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn   
Pm   
Group Number
14   
4
Not Available   
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
p block   
f block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440315   
99+
7440122   
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
141.00   
7
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Discovery
Before 3500 BC   
In 1942   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
34
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
26
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C   
99+
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C   
99+
3,000.00 °C   
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Unknown   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s   
32
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96   
8
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49   
15
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72   
4
1.07   
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21   
3
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.82   
11
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04   
99+
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV   
16
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50   
99+
61   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50   
99+
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
69   
99+
84   
40
Number of Electrons
50   
99+
61   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm   
38
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm   
23
236.00 pm   
16
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu   
99+
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)   
14
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm   
7
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3   
34
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa   
20
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
0.36   
8
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K   
25
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
Not Available   
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