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Promethium vs Bismuth

Promethium
Bismuth
Bismuth vs Promethium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm   
Bi   
Group Number
Not Available   
15   
3
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440122   
99+
7440699   
22
Space Group Name
Not Available   
C12/m1   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
12.00   
12
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Claude François Geoffroy   
Discovery
In 1942   
In 1753   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000006 %   
14
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
In Bone
Not Available   
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C   
99+
271.30 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C   
31
1,560.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.25   
15
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
70.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm   
Bi   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
33   
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.02   
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.34   
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.67   
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.15   
4
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.01   
4
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
1.98   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.22 eV   
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61   
99+
83   
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61   
99+
83   
33
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
126   
18
Number of Electrons
61   
99+
83   
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm   
10
156.00 pm   
29
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm   
12
148.00 pm   
36
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm   
16
207.00 pm   
26
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu   
99+
208.98 amu   
29
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)   
39
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
667.40 pm   
2
Lattice Angles
Unknown   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
9.78 g/cm3   
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
12.00 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa   
36
31.00 GPa   
38
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa   
38
32.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
0.33   
11
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26   
99+
9.79   
30
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
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