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Bismuth vs Promethium

Bismuth
Promethium
Promethium vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi   
Pm   
Group Number
15   
3
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
p block   
f block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440699   
22
7440122   
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
12.00   
12
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy   
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Discovery
In 1753   
In 1942   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %   
14
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
24
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C   
99+
1,042.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C   
99+
3,000.00 °C   
31
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Unknown   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25   
15
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi   
Pm   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
27   
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02   
6
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34   
3
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67   
6
1.07   
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15   
4
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
2.01   
4
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98   
99+
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83   
33
61   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83   
33
61   
99+
Number of Neutrons
126   
18
84   
40
Number of Electrons
83   
33
61   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
183.00 pm   
10
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm   
36
199.00 pm   
12
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm   
26
236.00 pm   
16
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu   
29
145.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Neodymium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Samarium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm   
2
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
NA   
Unknown   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3   
39
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa   
99+
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa   
38
33.00 GPa   
36
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa   
99+
46.00 GPa   
38
Poisson Ratio
0.33   
11
0.28   
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79   
30
7.26   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
6
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
6
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
Not Available   
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