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Promethium vs Polonium

Promethium
Polonium
Polonium vs Promethium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm   
Po   
Group Number
Not Available   
16   
2
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440122   
99+
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
Not Available   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
In 1942   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C   
99+
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C   
31
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.00   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61   
99+
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
61   
99+
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
84   
40
125   
19
Number of Electrons
61   
99+
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm   
10
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm   
12
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm   
16
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu   
99+
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol   
12
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neodymium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Samarium
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)   
39
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
Unknown   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3   
99+
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa   
38
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.26   
99+
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K   
99+
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol   
34
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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