Polonium vs Promethium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Po
Pm
Group Number
16
2
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
p block
f block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440086
99+
7440122
99+
Space Group Name
Pm-3m
Not Available
Space Group Number
221.00
3
Not Available
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Discovery
In 1898
In 1942
Abundance
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
NA
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
254.00 °C
99+
1,042.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
962.00 °C
99+
3,000.00 °C
31
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Unknown
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
α-polonium
Not Available
β Allotropes
β-polonium
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Po
Pm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
27
12
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76
2
1.07
32
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48
1
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
2.19
2
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
Not Available
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol
14
540.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
Not Available
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,970.00 kJ/mol
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
1.80 g/amp-hr
36
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
84
32
61
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
84
32
61
99+
Number of Neutrons
125
19
84
40
Number of Electrons
84
32
61
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm
23
183.00 pm
10
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm
99+
199.00 pm
12
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm
29
236.00 pm
16
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu
28
145.00 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol
13
22.39 cm3/mol
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
44.10 (-eV)
39
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm
99+
Not Available
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Unknown
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3
99+
7.26 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3
19
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
33.00 GPa
36
Young's Modulus
Not Available
46.00 GPa
38
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.28
17
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.32
31
7.26
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
0.75 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Not Available
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol
3
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K
28
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K
99+
17.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
9.00 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol
26
7.50 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
310.00 kJ/mol
34
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
Not Available
|
||
|
||
|
