Promethium Ytterbium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pm
Yb
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
6
6
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
CAS Number
7440122
99+
7440644
26
Space Group Name
Not Available
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
Not Available
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Discovery
In 1942
In 1878
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.00 %
33
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
37
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
- It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
Industrial Uses
NA
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
Not Available
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,042.00 °C
99+
824.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C
31
1,196.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Unknown
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
343.00 MPa
31
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
206.00 MPa
33
Speed of Sound
Not Available
1,590.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pm
Yb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
30
9
Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.06
33
Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol
99+
603.40 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,174.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,417.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol
38
4,203.00 kJ/mol
31
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr
36
2.15 g/amp-hr
25
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
61
99+
70
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
61
99+
70
99+
Number of Neutrons
84
40
103
31
Number of Electrons
61
99+
70
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm
10
176.00 pm
18
Covalent Radius
199.00 pm
12
187.00 pm
20
Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm
16
242.00 pm
12
Atomic Weight
145.00 amu
99+
173.05 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol
12
24.79 cm3/mol
9
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)
39
50.30 (-eV)
27
Lattice Constant
Not Available
548.47 pm
11
Lattice Angles
Unknown
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm3
99+
6.90 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
6.21 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
58.00 MPa
18
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
9.90 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa
36
30.50 GPa
39
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa
38
23.90 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.21
33
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.26
99+
6.97
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m
99+
0.25 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.04 106/cm Ω
38
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
50.00 kJ/mol
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
26.74 J/mol·K
25
Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K
99+
38.50 W/m·K
35
Critical Temperature
Not Available
26.30 K
7
Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)
99+
26.30 µm/(m·K)
14
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
128.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol
99+
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol
34
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
59.90 J/mol.K
21
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