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Ytterbium Promethium Comparison


Promethium Ytterbium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Yb   
Pm   

Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   

Period Number
6   
6   

Block
f block   
f block   

Element Family
Lanthanide   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7440644   
26
7440122   
99+

Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Not Available   

Space Group Number
225.00   
2
Not Available   

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
  • Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
  
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe   

Discovery
In 1878   
In 1942   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Not Available   

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
Not Available   

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
33
Not Available   

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
37
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
  
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  

Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
NA   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
No   

In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37

Physical Properties

Melting Point
824.00 °C   
99+
1,042.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C   
99+
3,000.00 °C   
31

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Unknown   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPa   
31
Not Available   

Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPa   
33
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Yb   
Pm   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
30   
9
27   
12

Electronegativity
  
  

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.06   
33
1.07   
32

Electropositivity
  
  

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol   
99+
540.00 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,050.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,150.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol   
31
3,970.00 kJ/mol   
38

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr   
25
1.80 g/amp-hr   
36

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
70   
99+
61   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2   
[Xe] 4f5 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Ytterbium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Promethium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
70   
99+
61   
99+

Number of Neutrons
103   
31
84   
40

Number of Electrons
70   
99+
61   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
176.00 pm   
18
183.00 pm   
10

Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
199.00 pm   
12

Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm   
12
236.00 pm   
16

Atomic Weight
173.05 amu   
99+
145.00 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol   
9
22.39 cm3/mol   
12

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Thulium
  
Neodymium
  

Next Element
Lutetium
  
Samarium
  

Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)   
27
44.10 (-eV)   
39

Lattice Constant
548.47 pm   
11
Not Available   

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Unknown   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm3   
99+
7.26 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   

Tensile Strength
58.00 MPa   
18
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
9.90 GPa   
99+
18.00 GPa   
36

Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPa   
39
33.00 GPa   
36

Young's Modulus
23.90 GPa   
99+
46.00 GPa   
38

Poisson Ratio
0.21   
33
0.28   
17

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
6.97   
99+
7.26   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m   
99+
0.75 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω   
38
Not Available   

Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)   
36
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33

Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
Not Available   

Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K   
35
17.90 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
26.30 K   
7
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)   
14
9.00 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol   
99+
7.50 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
310.00 kJ/mol   
34

Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.K   
21
Not Available   

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