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Properties of Curium and Thorium


Properties of Thorium & Curium


Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,340.00 °C   
34
1,750.00 °C   
17

Boiling Point
3,110.00 °C   
30
4,790.00 °C   
8

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
3.00   
12

Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
390.00 MPa   
29

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
295.00 MPa   
29

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
Not Available   
Not Available   

Reflectivity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,490.00 m/s   
36

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Cm   
Th   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
15   
24
28   
11

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.30   
32

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.11   
29

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.70   
22

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
581.00 kJ/mol   
99+
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,196.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,026.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.41 eV   
32

Other Chemical Properties
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes
  
?
Corrosion is a process which converts refined metals to their more stable forms, for example, its oxide and hydroxide. This process of metals getting corroded is a gradual destruction of metals by chemical reactions.Corrosion, 
?
Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.Ionization, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces. This metal also have radioactive isotopes.Radioactive Isotopes, 
?
Radioactive metals emit particles and radiation from their nuclei. This process comes in the picture because their nuclei experience the intense conflict between two strong forces.Radioactivity
  

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
13.51 g/cm3   
25
11.72 g/cm3   
32

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.85 g/cm3   
10
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
22

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
Not Available   
31.00 GPa   
21

Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
54.00 GPa   
22

Young's Modulus
Not Available   
79.00 GPa   
24

Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.27   
20

Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
?
Ductility of metals defines their ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the metals ability to be stretched into a wire.Ductile
  

Periodic Table

Symbol
Cm   
Th   

Group Number
Not Available   
0   
18

Period Number
7   
7   

Block
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block
  
?
The f-block is in the center-left of a 32-column periodic table but in the footnoted appendage of 18-column tables. These elements are not generally considered as part of any group. They are often called inner transition metals.f block
  

Element Family
?
Total 15 metals are included in actinide series, from Actinium to Lawrencium. Actinide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Actinide
  
?
Total 15 metals are included in actinide series, from Actinium to Lawrencium. Actinide series is located under f and d block of the periodic table.Actinide
  

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
96   
22
90   
28

Atomic Weight
247.00 amu   
18
232.04 amu   
23

Atomic Volume
18.28 cm3/mol   
26
19.90 cm3/mol   
20

Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2   
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   

Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
59.30 (-eV)   
23

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
96   
22
90   
28

Number of Neutrons
151   
10
142   
15

Number of Electrons
96   
22
90   
28

Crystal Structure
?
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal structure and its double hexagonal crystal structure is one of the 7 crystal structure, The hexagonal lattice system consists of just one Bravais lattice type: the hexagonal shape.Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
  
?
In crystallography, the cubic (or isometric) crystal system is a crystal system where the unit cell is in the shape of a cube. This is one of the most common and simplest shapes found in crystals and minerals.Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  

Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Curium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
174.00 pm   
20
179.80 pm   
15

Covalent Radius
169.00 pm   
26
206.00 pm   
7

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
237.00 pm   
15

Lattice Constant
Not Available   
508.42 pm   
14

Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Next Element
Berkelium
  

Previous Element
Americium
  
Actinium
  

Magnetic Properties

Electrical Properties
  
  

Resistivity
1.25 nΩ·m   
99+
157.00 nΩ·m   
22

Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31

Electron Affinity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Electrical Property
Unknown   
?
Under certain conditions, superconductor metals offer zero resistance to electric current it means this type of metals will conduct electricity without any resistance.Superconductor
  

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
13.51   
17
11.70   
23

Magnetic Ordering
?
Antiferromagnetic metals denote or exhibit a form of magnetism characterized by an anti-parallel alignment of adjacent electron spins in a crystal lattice.Antiferromagnetic
  
?
Paramagnetic metals are slightly attracted by magnet, but they can’t retain the magnetic effect once they are removed from the magnetic field.Paramagnetic
  

Permeability
Not Available   
Not Available   

Susceptibility
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40

Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
54.00 W/m·K   
28

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
26.23 J/mol·K   
30

Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36

Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
429.00 kJ/mol   
15

Enthalpy of Fusion
15.00 kJ/mol   
21
15.48 kJ/mol   
19

Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
468.60 kJ/mol   
15

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