Rhenium Calcium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Re
Ca
Group Number
7
11
2
16
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
s block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440155
99+
7440702
21
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
- Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1908
In 1808
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %
29
7 * 10-3 %
3
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.007 %
4
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
1.10 %
4
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
5.00 %
3
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
5
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
1.40 %
1
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
- Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
60.50 Blood/mg dm-3
4
In Bone
Not Available
170,000.00 p.p.m.
1
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C
2
839.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C
2
1,484.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
1.75
17
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa
8
170.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa
7
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s
15
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Re
Ca
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90
11
1.00
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.95
24
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46
15
1.04
34
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.08
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.60
21
1.03
39
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10
99+
3.00
9
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol
20
589.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,145.40 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,912.40 kJ/mol
7
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol
99+
6,491.00 kJ/mol
7
5th Energy Level
Not Available
8,153.00 kJ/mol
7
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,496.00 kJ/mol
8
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,270.00 kJ/mol
12
8th Energy Level
Not Available
14,206.00 kJ/mol
15
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,191.00 kJ/mol
12
10th Energy Level
Not Available
20,385.00 kJ/mol
16
11th Energy Level
Not Available
57,110.00 kJ/mol
3
12th Energy Level
Not Available
63,410.00 kJ/mol
3
13th Energy Level
Not Available
70,110.00 kJ/mol
3
14th Energy Level
Not Available
78,890.00 kJ/mol
4
15th Energy Level
Not Available
86,310.00 kJ/mol
5
16th Energy Level
Not Available
94,000.00 kJ/mol
6
17th Energy Level
Not Available
104,900.00 kJ/mol
7
18th Energy Level
Not Available
111,711.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr
99+
0.75 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV
7
2.87 eV
38
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
75
99+
20
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
[Ar] 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Calcium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
75
40
20
99+
Number of Neutrons
111
26
20
99+
Number of Electrons
75
40
20
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm
40
197.00 pm
6
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm
34
176.00 pm
22
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
231.00 pm
19
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu
36
40.08 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol
99+
29.90 cm3/mol
7
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)
3
29.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm
99+
558.84 pm
9
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62
3
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3
12
1.55 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3
4
1.38 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa
3
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
25.50 (Pa)
3
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
29
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa
3
7.40 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa
2
17.00 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa
2
20.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30
14
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.02
5
4.58
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m
20
33.60 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
33
0.30 106/cm Ω
6
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol
35
2.37 kJ/mol
39
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.63 J/(kg K)
7
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K
38
25.93 J/mol·K
34
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K
31
201.00 W/m·K
5
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
22.30 µm/(m·K)
19
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol
3
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol
2
8.54 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol
2
184.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K
99+
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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