Symbol
Re
  
Nd
  
Period Number
6
  
6
  
Block
d block
  
f block
  
Element Family
Transition Metal
  
Lanthanide
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
P63/mmc
  
Interesting Facts
- Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
- Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
  
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa
  
Carl Auer von Welsbach
  
Discovery
In 1908
  
In 1885
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
  
29
~0.0000003 %
  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
- Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
No
  
No
  
Melting Point
1,010.00 °C
  
99+
Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C
  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silvery Gray
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
Metallic
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa
  
8
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa
  
7
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s
  
15
2,330.00 m/s
  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Re
  
Nd
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol
  
20
533.10 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,040.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,130.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3,900.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr
  
99+
1.79 g/amp-hr
  
37
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
  
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
  
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Neodymium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Weight
144.24 amu
  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol
  
99+
20.60 cm3/mol
  
18
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)
  
3
43.40 (-eV)
  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3
  
12
7.01 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa
  
3
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
  
NA
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Paramagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor
  
NA
  
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m
  
20
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
  
33
0.02 106/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol
  
35
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
  
39
0.19 J/(kg K)
  
32
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K
  
38
27.45 J/mol·K
  
17
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K
  
31
16.50 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
9.60 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol
  
3
273.00 kJ/mol
  
34
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol
  
2
7.14 kJ/mol
  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol
  
2
322.00 kJ/mol
  
32
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K
  
99+
71.50 J/mol.K
  
13