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Rhenium vs Cobalt

Rhenium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Rhenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Re  
Co  
Group Number
7  
11
9  
9
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440155  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 1908  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C  
2
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C  
2
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa  
8
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa  
12
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Re  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46  
16
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.60  
24
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
20
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
20
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
37
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
31
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
5,560.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
5,560.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
31
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
30
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
23
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
20
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
76,000.00 kJ/mol  
20
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
76,000.00 kJ/mol  
15
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
760.10 kJ/mol  
36
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
26
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
33
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
27
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
21
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
17
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
23
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
24
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV  
11
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
75  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
75  
40
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
111  
27
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
75  
40
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm  
36
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu  
36
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tungsten
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Osmium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)  
3
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm  
99+
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
17
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3  
12
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3  
14
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa  
3
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
40
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa  
3
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa  
2
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa  
2
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.02  
14
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
26
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m  
20
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
38
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol  
99+
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K  
99+
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K  
31
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,459.00 K  
2
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol  
4
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol  
2
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol  
2
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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