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Rhenium vs Praseodymium

Rhenium
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Rhenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Re  
Pr  
Group Number
7  
11
3  
15
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7440155  
99+
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa  
-  
Discovery
In 1908  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C  
2
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C  
2
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Grayish White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa  
8
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa  
12
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Re  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46  
16
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.60  
24
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
20
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
20
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
5,560.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,560.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
30
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
23
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
20
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
76,000.00 kJ/mol  
20
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
76,000.00 kJ/mol  
15
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
760.10 kJ/mol  
36
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
26
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
33
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
27
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
21
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
17
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
23
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
24
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV  
11
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
75  
99+
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
75  
40
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
111  
27
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
75  
40
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm  
36
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu  
36
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol  
99+
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tungsten
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Osmium
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)  
3
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm  
99+
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
17
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3  
12
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3  
14
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa  
3
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
40
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa  
3
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa  
2
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa  
2
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.02  
14
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
26
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m  
20
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
38
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol  
99+
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K  
99+
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K  
31
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,459.00 K  
2
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol  
4
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol  
2
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol  
2
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K  
99+
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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