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Rhenium vs Scandium

Rhenium
Scandium
Scandium vs Rhenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Re   
Sc   
Group Number
7   
11
3   
15
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440155   
99+
7440202   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Discovery
In 1908   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %   
29
3 * 10-6 %   
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %   
29
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C   
2
1,539.00 °C   
24
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C   
2
2,832.00 °C   
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00   
3
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa   
8
750.00 MPa   
12
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa   
7
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s   
15
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Re   
Sc   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
1.36   
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.02   
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46   
15
1.20   
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.60   
21
1.19   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol   
20
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol   
99+
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV   
7
3.50 eV   
31
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
75   
99+
21   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
75   
40
21   
99+
Number of Neutrons
111   
26
24   
99+
Number of Electrons
75   
40
21   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm   
40
162.00 pm   
26
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm   
34
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
211.00 pm   
25
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu   
36
44.96 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol   
99+
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tungsten
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Osmium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)   
3
58.00 (-eV)   
24
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm   
99+
330.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62   
3
1.59   
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3   
12
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3   
4
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa   
3
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
29
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa   
3
29.10 GPa   
24
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa   
2
56.60 GPa   
21
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa   
2
74.40 GPa   
26
Poisson Ratio
0.30   
14
0.28   
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.02   
5
2.99   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m   
20
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
33
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol   
35
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K   
38
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K   
31
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol   
3
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol   
2
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol   
2
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K   
99+
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
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