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Rhenium vs Scandium

Rhenium
Scandium
Scandium vs Rhenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Re  
Sc  
Group Number
7  
11
3  
15
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440155  
99+
7440202  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
  • Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa  
Lars Fredrik Nilson  
Discovery
In 1908  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
29
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
  • Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
39
Physical
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C  
2
1,539.00 °C  
24
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C  
2
2,832.00 °C  
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.00  
3
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa  
8
750.00 MPa  
13
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa  
12
1,200.00 MPa  
13
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.80  
21
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
93.00 %  
3
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Re  
Sc  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.36  
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.02  
40
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46  
16
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.36  
31
Allen Electronegativity
1.60  
24
1.19  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.64  
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
20
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.60 kJ/mol  
13
5th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
20
8,843.00 kJ/mol  
7
6th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
37
10,679.00 kJ/mol  
13
7th Energy level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
31
13,310.00 kJ/mol  
8
8th Energy Level
5,560.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,250.00 kJ/mol  
11
9th Energy Level
5,560.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,370.00 kJ/mol  
14
10th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
31
21,726.00 kJ/mol  
13
11th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
30
24,102.00 kJ/mol  
16
12th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
66,320.00 kJ/mol  
7
13th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
23
73,010.00 kJ/mol  
2
14th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
20
80,160.00 kJ/mol  
3
15th Energy Level
76,000.00 kJ/mol  
20
89,490.00 kJ/mol  
6
16th Energy Level
76,000.00 kJ/mol  
15
97,400.00 kJ/mol  
5
17th Energy Level
760.10 kJ/mol  
36
105,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
18th Energy Level
7,600.00 kJ/mol  
26
117,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
19th Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
33
124,270.00 kJ/mol  
8
20th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
27
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
21
633.00 kJ/mol  
35
23rd Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
633.10 kJ/mol  
37
25th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
633.00 kJ/mol  
39
26th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
633.10 kJ/mol  
38
27th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
17
633.10 kJ/mol  
40
28th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
23
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
24
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol  
18
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV  
11
3.50 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
75  
99+
21  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2  
[Ar] 3d1 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
75  
40
21  
99+
Number of Neutrons
111  
27
24  
99+
Number of Electrons
75  
40
21  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm  
99+
162.00 pm  
28
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm  
36
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
211.00 pm  
32
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu  
36
44.96 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol  
99+
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tungsten
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Osmium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)  
3
58.00 (-eV)  
25
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm  
99+
330.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
17
1.59  
24
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3  
12
2.99 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3  
14
2.80 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa  
3
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
40
91.30 (Pa)  
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa  
3
29.10 GPa  
28
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa  
2
56.60 GPa  
22
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa  
2
74.40 GPa  
28
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.28  
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.02  
14
2.99  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
26
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m  
20
562.00 nΩ·m  
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
38
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18.10 kJ/mol  
39
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.60 J/(kg K)  
8
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K  
99+
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K  
31
15.80 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,459.00 K  
2
1,814.00 K  
28
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
10.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol  
4
314.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol  
2
14.10 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol  
2
343.00 kJ/mol  
38
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K  
99+
34.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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