Rhenium vs Scandium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Re
Sc
Group Number
7
11
3
15
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440155
99+
7440202
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
- Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Discovery
In 1908
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %
29
3 * 10-6 %
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
- Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
- Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C
2
1,539.00 °C
24
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C
2
2,832.00 °C
35
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa
8
750.00 MPa
12
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa
7
Not Available
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s
15
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Re
Sc
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
13
26
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90
11
1.36
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.02
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46
15
1.20
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.60
21
1.19
36
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10
99+
2.64
25
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol
20
633.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,388.60 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol
99+
7,090.60 kJ/mol
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available
8,843.00 kJ/mol
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,679.00 kJ/mol
7
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,310.00 kJ/mol
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,250.00 kJ/mol
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available
17,370.00 kJ/mol
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available
21,726.00 kJ/mol
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available
24,102.00 kJ/mol
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available
66,320.00 kJ/mol
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available
73,010.00 kJ/mol
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available
80,160.00 kJ/mol
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available
89,490.00 kJ/mol
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available
97,400.00 kJ/mol
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available
105,600.00 kJ/mol
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available
117,000.00 kJ/mol
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available
124,270.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV
7
3.50 eV
31
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
75
99+
21
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
75
40
21
99+
Number of Neutrons
111
26
24
99+
Number of Electrons
75
40
21
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm
40
162.00 pm
26
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm
34
170.00 pm
25
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
211.00 pm
25
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu
36
44.96 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol
99+
15.00 cm3/mol
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)
3
58.00 (-eV)
24
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm
99+
330.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62
3
1.59
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3
12
2.99 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3
4
2.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa
3
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
29
91.30 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa
3
29.10 GPa
24
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa
2
56.60 GPa
21
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa
2
74.40 GPa
26
Poisson Ratio
0.30
14
0.28
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.02
5
2.99
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m
20
562.00 nΩ·m
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
33
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol
35
18.10 kJ/mol
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.60 J/(kg K)
8
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K
38
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K
31
15.80 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
10.20 µm/(m·K)
39
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol
3
314.20 kJ/mol
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol
2
14.10 kJ/mol
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol
2
343.00 kJ/mol
28
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K
99+
34.60 J/mol.K
99+
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