Rhenium vs Thorium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Re
Th
Group Number
7
11
0
18
Period Number
6
7
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
CAS Number
7440155
99+
7440326
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
- Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
In 1908
In 1829
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %
29
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %
29
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.05 %
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.66 %
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
34
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
- Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
- compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
33
In Bone
Not Available
0.02 p.p.m.
29
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,180.00 °C
2
1,750.00 °C
17
Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C
2
4,790.00 °C
8
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery Gray
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
7.00
3
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa
8
390.00 MPa
29
Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa
7
295.00 MPa
29
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s
15
2,490.00 m/s
36
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Re
Th
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
28
11
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90
11
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46
15
1.11
29
Allen Electronegativity
1.60
21
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10
99+
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol
20
587.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,110.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,978.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,780.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr
99+
2.16 g/amp-hr
24
Electron Work Function
4.96 eV
7
3.41 eV
32
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
75
99+
90
28
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
75
40
90
28
Number of Neutrons
111
26
142
15
Number of Electrons
75
40
90
28
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
137.00 pm
40
179.80 pm
15
Covalent Radius
151.00 pm
34
206.00 pm
7
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
237.00 pm
15
Atomic Weight
186.21 amu
36
232.04 amu
23
Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol
99+
19.90 cm3/mol
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)
3
59.30 (-eV)
23
Lattice Constant
276.10 pm
99+
508.42 pm
14
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62
3
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm3
12
11.72 g/cm3
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.90 g/cm3
4
Not Available
Tensile Strength
1,070.00 MPa
3
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
29
0.00 (Pa)
22
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa
3
31.00 GPa
21
Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa
2
54.00 GPa
22
Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa
2
79.00 GPa
24
Poisson Ratio
0.30
14
0.27
20
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.02
5
11.70
23
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m
20
157.00 nΩ·m
22
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
33
0.07 106/cm Ω
31
Electron Affinity
14.50 kJ/mol
35
Not Available
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K
38
26.23 J/mol·K
30
Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K
31
54.00 W/m·K
28
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)
99+
11.00 µm/(m·K)
36
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol
3
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol
2
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol
2
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K
99+
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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