Rhodium

Copper

Rhodium vs Copper

Rhodium

Copper

Add ⊕

1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

911

0 17

2.3 Period Number

2 7

2.4 Block

d block

2.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

2.6 CAS Number

74401667440508

7429905 54386242

2.8 Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

2.9 Space Group Number

225.00225.00

11 229

3 Facts

3.1 Interesting Facts

Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.

Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.

Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.

3.2 Sources

Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining

Found in Minerals

3.3 History

3.3.1 Who Discovered

William Hyde Wollaston

Unknown

3.3.2 Discovery

In 1804

In Middle East (9000 BCE)

3.4 Abundance

3.4.1 Abundance In Universe

6 * 10^-8 %6 * 10^-6 %

5E-09 0.11

3.4.3 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000002 %~0.00007 %

1E-08 0.1

3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %0.01 %

1.7E-07 22

3.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.5.2 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

3.6.2 Abundance In Humans

NA0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

4 Uses

4.1 Uses & Benefits

Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.

It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.

It is use for coinage and bullion.
Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.

4.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry

4.1.2 Medical Uses

4.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery

4.2 Biological Properties

4.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

4.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

4.2.3 In Blood

NA1.01 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

4.2.5 In Bone

NA26.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

5 Physical

5.1 Melting Point

1,966.00 °C1,084.62 °C

27 3410

5.2 Boiling Point

3,727.00 °C2,562.00 °C

147 5660

5.3 Appearance

5.3.1 Physical State

Solid

5.3.2 Color

Silvery White

Copper

5.3.3 Luster

Metallic

5.4 Hardness

5.4.1 Mohs Hardness

6.003.00

0.2 8.5

5.4.3 Brinell Hardness

980.00 MPa235.00 MPa

0.14 3490

5.4.5 Vickers Hardness

1,100.00 MPa343.00 MPa

121 3430

5.5 Speed of Sound

4,700.00 m/s3,810.00 m/s

818 16200

5.6 Optical Properties

5.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

5.6.3 Reflectivity

84.00 %90.00 %

58 97

5.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

5.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

5.7.3 β Allotropes

Not Available

5.7.4 γ Allotropes

Not Available

6 Chemical

6.1 Chemical Formula

6.2 Isotopes

6.2.1 Known Isotopes

1629

0 38

6.3 Electronegativity

6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

2.281.90

0.7 2.54

6.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA1.98

0.22 2.56

6.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.451.75

0.86 1.82

6.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NA1.49

0.62 2.48

6.3.9 Allen Electronegativity

1.561.85

0.659 2.7

6.4 Electropositivity

6.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

1.722.10

1.46 3.3

6.5 Ionization Energies

6.5.1 1st Energy Level

719.70 kJ/mol745.50 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

6.5.3 2nd Energy Level

1,740.00 kJ/mol1,957.90 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

6.5.5 3rd Energy Level

2,997.00 kJ/mol3,555.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

6.5.7 4th Energy Level

NA5,536.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

6.5.10 5th Energy Level

NA7,700.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

6.5.12 6th Energy Level

NA9,900.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

6.5.14 7th Energy level

NA13,400.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

6.5.16 8th Energy Level

NA16,000.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

6.5.18 9th Energy Level

NA19,200.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

6.6.1 10th Energy Level

NA22,400.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

6.7.1 11th Energy Level

NA25,600.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

6.7.2 12th Energy Level

NA35,600.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

7.1.1 13th Energy Level

NA38,700.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

7.4.2 14th Energy Level

NA42,000.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

7.4.3 15th Energy Level

NA46,700.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

7.4.5 16th Energy Level

NA50,200.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

7.4.6 17th Energy Level

NA53,700.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

7.4.8 18th Energy Level

NA61,100.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

7.4.9 19th Energy Level

NA64,702.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

7.5.2 20th Energy Level

NA163,700.00 kJ/mol

80400 171200

7.5.4 21st Energy Level

NA174,100.00 kJ/mol

87000 179100

7.5.5 22nd Energy Level

NA184,900.00 kJ/mol

93400 184900

7.5.7 23rd Energy Level

NA198,800.00 kJ/mol

98420 198800

7.5.8 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

7.6.1 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

7.6.2 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

7.7.1 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

7.7.2 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

7.9.1 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

7.9.2 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

7.11 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.28 g/amp-hr1.19 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

7.14 Electron Work Function

4.98 eV4.65 eV

2.14 5.65

8.2 Other Chemical Properties

Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility

9 Atomic

9.1 Atomic Number

4529

3 117

9.2 Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d⁸ 5s¹

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹

9.3 Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

9.3.1 Crystal Lattice

9.4 Atom

9.4.1 Number of Protons

4529

3 117

9.5.1 Number of Neutrons

5835

4 184

9.6.1 Number of Electrons

4529

3 117

9.8 Radius of an Atom

9.8.1 Atomic Radius

134.00 pm128.00 pm

112 265

9.8.3 Covalent Radius

142.00 pm132.00 pm

96 260

9.9.2 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm140.00 pm

139 348

9.10 Atomic Weight

102.91 amu63.55 amu

6.94 294

9.11 Atomic Volume

8.30 cm3/mol7.10 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

9.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

9.13.1 Previous Element

9.13.2 Next Element

9.14 Valence Electron Potential

64.00 (-eV)34.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

10.2 Lattice Constant

380.34 pm361.49 pm

228.58 891.25

10.3 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

10.4 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

11 Mechanical

11.1 Density

11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

12.41 g/cm³8.96 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

11.2.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

10.70 g/cm38.02 g/cm3

0.512 20

11.3 Tensile Strength

951.00 MPaNA

2.5 11000

11.4 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

11.5 Vapor Pressure

11.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA1.53 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

11.5.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.02 (Pa)NA

2.62E-10 774

12.2 Elasticity properties

12.2.1 Shear Modulus

150.00 GPa48.00 GPa

1.3 222

12.3.1 Bulk Modulus

275.00 GPa140.00 GPa

1.6 462

12.4.1 Young's Modulus

380.00 GPa120.00 GPa

1.7 528

12.6 Poisson Ratio

0.260.34

0.032 0.47

12.8 Other Mechanical Properties

Malleable

Ductile, Malleable

13 Magnetic

13.1 Magnetic Characteristics

13.1.1 Specific Gravity

12.418.89

0.53 4500

13.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Diamagnetic

13.1.3 Permeability

NA1.256629 * 10^-6 H/m

1.25643E-06 0.0063

13.2.2 Susceptibility

NA-9.63 * 10^-6

-0.000166 200000

13.3 Electrical Properties

13.3.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

13.3.2 Resistivity

43.30 nΩ·m16.78 nΩ·m

0.18 961

13.3.4 Electrical Conductivity

0.21 10⁶/cm Ω0.60 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

13.3.6 Electron Affinity

109.70 kJ/mol222.80 kJ/mol

0 222.8

14 Thermal

14.1 Specific Heat

0.24 J/(kg K)0.38 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

14.2 Molar Heat Capacity

24.98 J/mol·K24.44 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

14.3 Thermal Conductivity

150.00 W/m·K401.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

14.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

14.5 Thermal Expansion

8.20 µm/(m·K)16.50 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

14.6 Enthalpy

14.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

495.40 kJ/mol283.70 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

14.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

21.76 kJ/mol7.11 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

14.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

556.50 kJ/mol338.90 kJ/mol

61.5 837

14.7 Standard Molar Entropy

31.50 J/mol.K33.20 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

Compare Transition Metals » More

Rhodium vs Technetium

Rhodium vs Yttrium

Rhodium vs Tantalum

» More

More Compare Transition Metals

Transition Metals » More

» More

More Transition Met...