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Rhodium vs Dubnium

Rhodium
Dubnium
Dubnium vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh  
Db  
Group Number
9  
9
5  
13
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440166  
99+
53850354  
14
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
  • In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
In 1804  
In 1968  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
25
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C  
12
-  
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C  
17
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa  
10
330.00 MPa  
38
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa  
15
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s  
19
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.20  
99+
Reflectivity
84.00 %  
5
55.00 %  
27
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh  
Db  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
10  
28
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
4
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.28  
5
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45  
17
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.28  
4
1.10  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.56  
27
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
664.80 kJ/mol  
38
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,546.70 kJ/mol  
39
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol  
27
2,378.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
11
3,298.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
26
4,305.20 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
40
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
5
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
35
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
33
8,830.00 kJ/mol  
22
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
88,300.00 kJ/mol  
2
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
27
4,760.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
23
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol  
18
33,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
39
1,129.00 kJ/mol  
19
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
29
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
36
1,094.90 kJ/mol  
18
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
30
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
883.00 kJ/mol  
36
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
24
330.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
99+
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
33
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
528.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
23
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
22
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
28
1,150.00 kJ/mol  
3
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol  
29
1,094.00 kJ/mol  
5
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol  
23
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV  
10
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
45  
99+
105  
13
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45  
99+
105  
13
Number of Neutrons
58  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
45  
99+
105  
13
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm  
99+
149.00 pm  
37
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu  
99+
268.00 amu  
10
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
22.80 cm3/mol  
17
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Rutherfordium
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Seaborgium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm  
30
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.73  
7
1.63  
14
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3  
30
29.30 g/cm3  
5
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3  
35
29.30 g/cm3  
6
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa  
5
0.10 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)  
19
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa  
6
34.00 GPa  
22
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa  
5
39.00 GPa  
39
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa  
5
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41  
32
39.00  
3
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m  
99+
6.80 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω  
8
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol  
8
-  
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
22
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K  
99+
29.30 J/mol·K  
11
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K  
9
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K  
13
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
13.20 µm/(m·K)  
37
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol  
16
289.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol  
10
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol  
16
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K  
99+
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
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