Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh
Tm
Group Number
93
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
56
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
f block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
CAS Number
74401667440304
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00194.00
11
276
👆🏻
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
Per Teodor Cleve
Discovery
In 1804
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
-0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
-
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
-
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
-
-
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Physical
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C1,545.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C1,730.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.002.25
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa471.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa520.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s2,760.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.401.60
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
84.00 %35.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rh
Tm
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
1632
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.281.25
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.281.25
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.451.11
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.281.25
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.561.25
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.722.75
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol1,160.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol2,285.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol4,120.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
7,197.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
3,480.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,090.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol59,600.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
71,900.00 kJ/mol59,600.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol5,960.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol596.00 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
719.00 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr2.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV2.40 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic
Atomic Number
4569
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
4569
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
58100
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
4569
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm176.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm160.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm227.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu168.93 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol18.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)49.70 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm353.75 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.731.57
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm39.32 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm38.56 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa69.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.06 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa30.50 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa44.50 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa74.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.260.21
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
12.419.32
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m676.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.16 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K27.03 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K16.90 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
2,237.00 K1,818.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)13.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol191.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol16.80 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol247.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K74.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻