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Rubidium vs Lawrencium

Rubidium
Lawrencium
Lawrencium vs Rubidium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb   
Lr   
Group Number
1   
17
Not Available   
Period Number
5   
7   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440177   
99+
22537195   
15
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
  • It is synthetically produced metal.
  • Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Discovery
In 1861   
In 1961–1971   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %   
17
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
19
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
18
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
7
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
7
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
  • Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
38.89 °C   
99+
1,627.00 °C   
20
Boiling Point
688.00 °C   
99+
Not Available   
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Grayish White   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Unknown Luster   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.30   
24
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rb   
Lr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
10   
28
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82   
99+
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31   
32
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89   
40
Not Available   
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69   
24
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.71   
99+
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18   
3
Not Available   
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
470.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
1,428.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
2,228.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
4,910.00 kJ/mol   
21
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
Not Available   
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
Not Available   
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
3.23 g/amp-hr   
11
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV   
99+
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
37   
99+
103   
15
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1   
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
37   
99+
103   
15
Number of Neutrons
48   
99+
157   
7
Number of Electrons
37   
99+
103   
15
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm   
2
Not Available   
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm   
4
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm   
3
246.00 pm   
8
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu   
99+
266.00 amu   
12
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gallium
  
Nobelium
  
Next Element
Strontium
  
Rutherfordium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm   
10
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.32   
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Unknown   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.53   
99+
Not Available   
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Unknown   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K   
26
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K   
4
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
Not Available   
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