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Rubidium vs Molybdenum

Rubidium
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Rubidium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rb   
Mo   
Group Number
1   
17
6   
12
Period Number
5   
5   
Block
s block   
d block   
Element Family
Alkali   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440177   
99+
7439987   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
Obtained from Lithium Production.   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff   
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Discovery
In 1861   
In 1778   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.000003 %   
17
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
18
0.00 %   
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
7
0.00 %   
9
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
7
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
2.49 Blood/mg dm-3   
7
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
In Bone
5.00 p.p.m.   
13
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
38.89 °C   
99+
2,617.00 °C   
5
Boiling Point
688.00 °C   
99+
4,612.00 °C   
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Grayish White   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
0.30   
24
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
0.22 MPa   
99+
1,370.00 MPa   
7
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,400.00 MPa   
6
Speed of Sound
1,300.00 m/s   
99+
5,400.00 m/s   
6
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
58.00 %   
15
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rb   
Mo   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.82   
99+
2.16   
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.31   
32
1.15   
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.89   
40
1.30   
24
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.69   
24
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
0.71   
99+
2.16   
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
3.18   
3
1.84   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
403.00 kJ/mol   
99+
684.30 kJ/mol   
37
2nd Energy Level
2,633.00 kJ/mol   
6
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37
3rd Energy Level
3,860.00 kJ/mol   
11
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
5,080.00 kJ/mol   
18
4,480.00 kJ/mol   
26
5th Energy Level
6,850.00 kJ/mol   
19
5,257.00 kJ/mol   
32
6th Energy Level
8,140.00 kJ/mol   
20
6,640.80 kJ/mol   
22
7th Energy level
9,570.00 kJ/mol   
20
12,125.00 kJ/mol   
13
8th Energy Level
13,120.00 kJ/mol   
17
13,860.00 kJ/mol   
16
9th Energy Level
14,500.00 kJ/mol   
18
15,835.00 kJ/mol   
16
10th Energy Level
26,740.00 kJ/mol   
6
17,980.00 kJ/mol   
18
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,190.00 kJ/mol   
17
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,219.00 kJ/mol   
15
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,930.00 kJ/mol   
13
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,196.00 kJ/mol   
13
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,490.00 kJ/mol   
7
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,000.00 kJ/mol   
8
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
74,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,400.00 kJ/mol   
10
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
87,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
98,420.00 kJ/mol   
6
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,400.00 kJ/mol   
2
25th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
26th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
27th Energy Level
Not Available   
133,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
28th Energy Level
Not Available   
139,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
29th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
30th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,500.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.19 g/amp-hr   
14
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.16 eV   
99+
4.60 eV   
12
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
37   
99+
42   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s1   
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
37   
99+
42   
99+
Number of Neutrons
48   
99+
54   
99+
Number of Electrons
37   
99+
42   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
248.00 pm   
2
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
220.00 pm   
4
154.00 pm   
32
Van der Waals Radius
303.00 pm   
3
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
85.47 amu   
99+
95.95 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
55.90 cm3/mol   
2
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gallium
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Strontium
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
9.47 (-eV)   
99+
88.60 (-eV)   
13
Lattice Constant
558.50 pm   
10
314.70 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
1.53 g/cm3   
99+
10.28 g/cm3   
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.46 g/cm3   
99+
9.33 g/cm3   
20
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
324.00 MPa   
13
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
126.00 GPa   
8
Bulk Modulus
2.50 GPa   
99+
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
2.40 GPa   
99+
329.00 GPa   
6
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Ductile, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
1.53   
99+
10.22   
27
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
128.00 nΩ·m   
26
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω   
24
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11
Electron Affinity
46.90 kJ/mol   
24
71.90 kJ/mol   
14
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.36 J/(kg K)   
17
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21
Molar Heat Capacity
31.06 J/mol·K   
5
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
58.20 W/m·K   
26
138.00 W/m·K   
12
Critical Temperature
2,093.00 K   
4
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
90.00 µm/(m·K)   
2
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
69.20 kJ/mol   
99+
594.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.19 kJ/mol   
99+
27.61 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
82.00 kJ/mol   
99+
653.00 kJ/mol   
7
Standard Molar Entropy
76.80 J/mol.K   
5
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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