Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkali
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
Not Available
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Discovery
In 1844
In 1860
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
-
In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Mildly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gold
Speed of Sound
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
Electrochemical Equivalent
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Xe] 6s1
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
Shear Modulus
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available