Ruthenium Technetium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ru
Tc
Group Number
8
10
7
11
Period Number
5
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440188
99+
7440268
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
- Original name of Technetium was Masurium.
- At the time of its discovery it found in sample of Molybdenum.
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Made by Bombarding Molybdenum with Deuterons
History
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
Emilio Segrè and Carlo Perriero
Discovery
In 1844
In 1937
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %
22
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
26
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
38
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- Technetium is a radioactive metal and hence it is used for medical studies and other research purposes.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
Medical Uses
Medical Research
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,250.00 °C
8
2,200.00 °C
9
Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C
14
4,877.00 °C
7
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Shiny Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa
3
Not Available
Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s
4
16,200.00 m/s
1
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ru
Tc
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
18
21
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.90
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.36
20
Allen Electronegativity
1.54
25
1.51
28
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol
32
702.00 kJ/mol
36
2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol
99+
1,470.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol
37
2,850.00 kJ/mol
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr
99+
0.52 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.71 eV
9
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
44
99+
43
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Kr] 4d5 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Technetium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
44
99+
43
99+
Number of Neutrons
57
99+
55
99+
Number of Electrons
44
99+
43
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
136.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm
38
147.00 pm
37
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu
99+
98.00 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
8.50 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)
22
180.00 (-eV)
3
Lattice Constant
270.59 pm
99+
273.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
11
1.60
5
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3
27
11.00 g/cm3
34
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3
16
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
23
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa
4
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa
7
Not Available
Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa
3
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.30
14
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
12.45
19
11.50
24
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m
38
200.00 nΩ·m
18
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
16
0.07 106/cm Ω
30
Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol
10
53.00 kJ/mol
18
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
24
0.21 J/(kg K)
29
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K
99+
24.27 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K
13
50.60 W/m·K
30
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
7.10 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol
10
660.00 kJ/mol
6
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol
7
23.01 kJ/mol
9
Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol
9
649.00 kJ/mol
8
Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K
99+
181.10 J/mol.K
2
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