Ruthenium Titanium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ru
Ti
Group Number
8
10
4
14
Period Number
5
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440188
99+
7440326
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
- The only metal which burns in Nitrogen is Titanium.
- Titanium is also known as corrosion resistant metal.
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
W. Gregor & J. Berzelius
Discovery
In 1844
In 1791
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
3 * 10-4 %
9
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000005 %
22
~0.0004 %
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
26
0.05 %
11
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.66 %
7
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
- Its alloys are used in spacecraft, aircraft and ammunition industry.
- Its pipes are used in distillation plants, submarines, hulls of big ships, etc.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Medical Research
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,250.00 °C
8
1,660.00 °C
18
Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C
14
3,287.00 °C
22
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray-White
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.50
5
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa
3
716.00 MPa
15
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
830.00 MPa
14
Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s
4
5,090.00 m/s
9
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ru
Ti
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
26
13
23
16
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20
4
1.54
26
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.09
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.32
23
Allen Electronegativity
1.54
25
1.38
32
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80
99+
2.46
28
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol
32
658.80 kJ/mol
39
2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol
99+
1,309.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol
37
2,652.50 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
4,174.60 kJ/mol
32
5th Energy Level
Not Available
9,581.00 kJ/mol
5
6th Energy Level
Not Available
11,533.00 kJ/mol
6
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,590.00 kJ/mol
6
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,440.00 kJ/mol
8
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,530.00 kJ/mol
11
10th Energy Level
Not Available
20,833.00 kJ/mol
15
11th Energy Level
Not Available
25,575.00 kJ/mol
14
12th Energy Level
Not Available
28,125.00 kJ/mol
14
13th Energy Level
Not Available
76,015.00 kJ/mol
1
14th Energy Level
Not Available
83,280.00 kJ/mol
2
15th Energy Level
Not Available
90,880.00 kJ/mol
3
16th Energy Level
Not Available
100,700.00 kJ/mol
4
17th Energy Level
Not Available
109,100.00 kJ/mol
5
18th Energy Level
Not Available
117,800.00 kJ/mol
6
19th Energy Level
Not Available
129,900.00 kJ/mol
7
20th Energy Level
Not Available
137,530.00 kJ/mol
9
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.71 eV
9
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
44
99+
22
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Titanium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
44
99+
22
99+
Number of Neutrons
57
99+
26
99+
Number of Electrons
44
99+
22
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm
99+
147.00 pm
34
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm
38
160.00 pm
30
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu
99+
47.87 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol
99+
10.64 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)
22
95.20 (-eV)
10
Lattice Constant
270.59 pm
99+
295.08 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
11
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3
27
4.51 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3
16
4.11 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
434.00 MPa
9
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
23
0.98 (Pa)
14
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa
4
44.00 GPa
17
Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa
7
110.00 GPa
15
Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa
3
116.00 GPa
18
Poisson Ratio
0.30
14
0.32
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
12.45
19
4.51
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Poor Conductor
Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m
38
420.00 nΩ·m
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
16
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol
10
7.60 kJ/mol
37
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
24
0.52 J/(kg K)
9
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K
99+
25.06 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K
13
21.90 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol
10
429.00 kJ/mol
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol
7
15.48 kJ/mol
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol
9
468.60 kJ/mol
15
Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K
99+
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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