Home
 Compare Metals

Ruthenium vs Chromium

Ruthenium
Chromium
Chromium vs Ruthenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ru  
Cr  
Group Number
8  
10
6  
12
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440188  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1844  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
26
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
2,250.00 °C  
8
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C  
14
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa  
3
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa  
14
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s  
7
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.60  
4
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
6.00 %  
38
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ru  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.54  
28
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
32
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol  
38
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
12
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
27
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
37
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
5,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
35
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
29
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
25
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
21
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
31
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
38
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
32
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
30
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
31
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
25
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.71 eV  
14
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
44  
99+
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
44  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
57  
99+
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
44  
99+
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm  
40
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu  
99+
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Technetium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Rhodium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
270.59 pm  
99+
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
33
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3  
29
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3  
37
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
23
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa  
4
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa  
7
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa  
3
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.45  
31
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m  
38
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
18
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol  
11
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
24
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K  
13
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
2,607.00 K  
9
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol  
13
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol  
7
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol  
10
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K  
99+
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
Periodic Table >>
<< All

Compare Transition Metals

Transition Metals

Transition Metals

» More Transition Metals

Compare Transition Metals

» More Compare Transition Metals
Home | About | Contact | Disclaimer | Terms of use
© A softusvista inc. venture!