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Rutherfordium vs Europium

Rutherfordium
Europium
Europium vs Rutherfordium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rf   
Eu   
Group Number
4   
14
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
53850365   
13
7440531   
34
Space Group Name
Not Available   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Not Available   
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay   
Discovery
In 1964   
In 1896   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
5 * 10-8 %   
27
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.00000005 %   
27
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C   
11
822.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C   
3
1,597.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Silvery White   
Luster
Unknown Luster   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
167.00 MPa   
34
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rf   
Eu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13   
26
31   
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.20   
39
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.01   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
547.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
1,085.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2,404.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
Electrochemical Equivalent
Not Available   
1.89 g/amp-hr   
33
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.50 eV   
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
104   
14
63   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
[Xe] 4f7 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
104   
14
63   
99+
Number of Neutrons
157   
7
89   
38
Number of Electrons
104   
14
63   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm   
33
180.00 pm   
14
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm   
31
198.00 pm   
13
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
233.00 pm   
18
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu   
11
151.96 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
28.90 cm3/mol   
8
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lawrencium
  
Samarium
  
Next Element
Dubnium
  
Gadolinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
45.60 (-eV)   
35
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
458.10 pm   
17
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm3   
8
5.26 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
5.13 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
120.00 MPa   
15
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
19.40 (Pa)   
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
7.90 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
8.30 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
18.20 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.15   
34
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
5.24   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
0.90 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
27.66 J/mol·K   
16
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
13.90 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
35.00 µm/(m·K)   
8
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
143.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
9.21 kJ/mol   
37
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
77.80 J/mol.K   
4
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