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Europium vs Rutherfordium

Europium
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu   
Rf   
Group Number
Not Available   
4   
14
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440531   
34
53850365   
13
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Not Available   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
Not Available   
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay   
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Discovery
In 1896   
In 1964   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %   
27
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
36
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C   
99+
2,100.00 °C   
11
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C   
99+
5,500.00 °C   
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Unknown   
Luster
Lustrous   
Unknown Luster   
Hardness
  
  
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa   
34
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu   
Rf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
Not Available   
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01   
22
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol   
99+
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr   
33
Not Available   
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV   
99+
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63   
99+
104   
14
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2   
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63   
99+
104   
14
Number of Neutrons
89   
38
157   
7
Number of Electrons
63   
99+
104   
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
150.00 pm   
33
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
157.00 pm   
31
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm   
18
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu   
99+
267.00 amu   
11
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol   
8
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)   
35
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm   
17
Not Available   
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3   
99+
23.20 g/cm3   
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3   
99+
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)   
4
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.15   
34
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Unknown   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24   
99+
Not Available   
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Unknown   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K   
16
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K   
99+
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)   
8
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol   
37
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K   
4
Not Available   
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