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Rutherfordium vs Gallium

Rutherfordium
Gallium
Gallium vs Rutherfordium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rf   
Ga   
Group Number
4   
14
13   
5
Period Number
7   
4   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
53850365   
13
7440553   
32
Space Group Name
Not Available   
Cmca   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
64.00   
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Discovery
In 1964   
In 1875   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C   
11
29.78 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C   
3
2,403.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Silvery White   
Luster
Unknown Luster   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
56.80 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,740.00 m/s   
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rf   
Ga   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13   
26
24   
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.81   
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.42   
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.82   
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.01   
5
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.76   
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.19   
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
Not Available   
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.20 eV   
23
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
104   
14
31   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
104   
14
31   
99+
Number of Neutrons
157   
7
39   
99+
Number of Electrons
104   
14
31   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm   
33
135.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm   
31
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
187.00 pm   
32
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu   
11
69.72 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lawrencium
  
Zinc
  
Next Element
Dubnium
  
Rubidium
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
69.70 (-eV)   
19
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
451.97 pm   
18
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm3   
8
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
15
Elasticity properties
  
  
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
9.80 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.47   
1
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
5.91   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
40.60 W/m·K   
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
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