Samarium Chromium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sm
Cr
Group Number
Not Available
6
12
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440199
99+
7440473
39
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
166.00
6
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Discovery
In 1879
In Between 1797 - 1798
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
1.5 * 10-3 %
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.002 %
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
37
0.30 %
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
29
0.01 %
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
40
0.00 %
16
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3
12
In Bone
Not Available
0.33 p.p.m.
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C
99+
1,857.00 °C
14
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C
99+
2,672.00 °C
39
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
8.50
1
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa
27
687.00 MPa
16
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa
24
1,060.00 MPa
10
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s
99+
5,940.00 m/s
5
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sm
Cr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
30
9
21
18
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.17
40
1.66
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.66
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07
32
1.56
10
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.65
19
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.83
14
2.34
36
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol
1
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol
1
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol
1
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol
37
37,066.00 kJ/mol
1
5th Energy Level
Not Available
97,510.00 kJ/mol
1
6th Energy Level
Not Available
105,800.00 kJ/mol
1
7th Energy level
Not Available
114,300.00 kJ/mol
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available
125,300.00 kJ/mol
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available
134,700.00 kJ/mol
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available
144,300.00 kJ/mol
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available
26,130.00 kJ/mol
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available
28,750.00 kJ/mol
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available
34,230.00 kJ/mol
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available
37,066.00 kJ/mol
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available
97,510.00 kJ/mol
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available
105,800.00 kJ/mol
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available
114,300.00 kJ/mol
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available
125,300.00 kJ/mol
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available
134,700.00 kJ/mol
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available
144,300.00 kJ/mol
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available
157,700.00 kJ/mol
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
166,090.00 kJ/mol
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr
34
0.32 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV
99+
4.50 eV
14
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
62
99+
24
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
62
99+
24
99+
Number of Neutrons
88
39
28
99+
Number of Electrons
62
99+
24
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm
13
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm
20
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu
99+
52.00 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol
19
7.23 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)
37
170.00 (-eV)
4
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm
33
291.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3
99+
7.19 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3
32
6.30 g/cm3
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available
689.00 MPa
7
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)
9
0.00 (Pa)
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
774.00 (Pa)
1
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa
34
115.00 GPa
9
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa
35
160.00 GPa
11
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa
37
279.00 GPa
8
Poisson Ratio
0.27
19
0.21
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.52
99+
7.19
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Antiferromagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
NA
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m
99+
125.00 nΩ·m
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω
25
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
64.30 kJ/mol
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)
31
0.45 J/(kg K)
12
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K
7
23.35 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K
99+
93.90 W/m·K
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)
30
4.90 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol
99+
348.80 kJ/mol
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol
40
15.31 kJ/mol
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol
99+
397.50 kJ/mol
21
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K
15
23.80 J/mol.K
99+
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