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Samarium vs Chromium

Samarium
Chromium
Chromium vs Samarium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sm  
Cr  
Group Number
3  
15
6  
12
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Lanthanide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440199  
99+
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1879  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
37
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
29
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C  
99+
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C  
99+
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa  
32
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa  
40
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s  
99+
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.80  
22
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sm  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30  
9
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.17  
99+
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.17  
33
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07  
33
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.17  
40
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
1.17  
99+
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.83  
14
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
5,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
5,440.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
5,450.00 kJ/mol  
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
54,450.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
54,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
5,445.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
624.00 kJ/mol  
99+
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
624.00 kJ/mol  
37
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
544.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
544.00 kJ/mol  
99+
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr  
38
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV  
99+
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
62  
99+
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
62  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
88  
40
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
62  
99+
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm  
13
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm  
25
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu  
99+
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol  
31
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Promethium
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Europium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)  
38
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm  
37
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.62  
15
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3  
99+
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3  
99+
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)  
9
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
29
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa  
99+
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa  
99+
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa  
40
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.27  
19
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.52  
99+
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
9
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m  
99+
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)  
32
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K  
9
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K  
99+
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
1,345.00 K  
99+
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)  
39
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol  
99+
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol  
99+
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol  
99+
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K  
15
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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