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Samarium vs Niobium

Samarium
Niobium
Niobium vs Samarium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sm   
Nb   
Group Number
Not Available   
5   
13
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440199   
99+
7440031   
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
  • Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Charles Hatchett   
Discovery
In 1879   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
37
0.00 %   
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
29
0.00 %   
25
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
40
0.00 %   
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
  • Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Slightly Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
In Bone
Not Available   
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,072.00 °C   
99+
2,468.00 °C   
6
Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C   
99+
2,468.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa   
27
735.00 MPa   
14
Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa   
24
870.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s   
99+
3,480.00 m/s   
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sm   
Nb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
30   
9
17   
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.17   
40
1.60   
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.42   
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.07   
32
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.41   
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.83   
14
2.40   
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol   
99+
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol   
37
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr   
34
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.70 eV   
99+
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
62   
99+
41   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2   
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Samarium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
62   
99+
41   
99+
Number of Neutrons
88   
39
52   
99+
Number of Electrons
62   
99+
41   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
146.00 pm   
35
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
164.00 pm   
28
Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm   
20
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
150.36 amu   
99+
92.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol   
19
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Promethium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Europium
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)   
37
104.00 (-eV)   
8
Lattice Constant
362.10 pm   
33
330.04 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm3   
99+
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm3   
32
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
330.00 MPa   
12
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)   
9
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa   
34
38.00 GPa   
19
Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa   
35
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa   
37
105.00 GPa   
20
Poisson Ratio
0.27   
19
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.52   
99+
8.57   
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m   
99+
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)   
31
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K   
7
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K   
99+
53.70 W/m·K   
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)   
30
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol   
99+
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol   
40
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol   
99+
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K   
15
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
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