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Scandium Silver Comparison


Silver Scandium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Sc   
Ag   

Group Number
3   
15
11   
7

Period Number
4   
5   

Block
d block   
d block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440202   
99+
7440224   
99+

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Unknown   

Discovery
In 1879   
Before 5000 BC   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 %   
15
6 * 10-8 %   
26

Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.0000001 %   
26

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
18
0.00 %   
38

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
23
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
32
0.00 %   
19

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  

Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29

In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
0.44 p.p.m.   
20

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,539.00 °C   
24
961.93 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C   
35
2,212.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   

Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14

Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa   
12
251.00 MPa   
37

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
229.00 MPa   
30

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,680.00 m/s   
34

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
Not Available   
97.00 %   
1

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Sc   
Ag   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
13   
26
36   
3

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.36   
29
1.93   
9

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02   
21
1.83   
11

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.42   
18

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.47   
15

Allen Electronegativity
1.19   
36
1.87   
7

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.64   
25
2.07   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
731.00 kJ/mol   
27

2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11

3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19

4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   

9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
Not Available   

10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   

11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
Not Available   

12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   

13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   

14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
Not Available   

15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
Not Available   

16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   

17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   

18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   

19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7

Electron Work Function
3.50 eV   
31
4.26 eV   
20

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
21   
99+
47   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   

Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   

Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
21   
99+
47   
99+

Number of Neutrons
24   
99+
61   
99+

Number of Electrons
21   
99+
47   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
162.00 pm   
26
144.00 pm   
36

Covalent Radius
170.00 pm   
25
145.00 pm   
39

Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm   
25
172.00 pm   
38

Atomic Weight
44.96 amu   
99+
107.87 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Calcium
  
Palladium
  

Next Element
Titanium
  
Cadmium
  

Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)   
24
11.40 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
330.90 pm   
99+
408.53 pm   
20

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59   
7
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
10.49 g/cm3   
35

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
9.32 g/cm3   
21

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
0.00 (Pa)   
14

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa   
24
30.00 GPa   
23

Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa   
21
100.00 GPa   
16

Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa   
26
83.00 GPa   
23

Poisson Ratio
0.28   
18
0.37   
7

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
2.99   
99+
10.50   
26

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
5

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1

Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
125.60 kJ/mol   
5

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25

Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
429.00 W/m·K   
1

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
255.10 kJ/mol   
37

Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
11.30 kJ/mol   
31

Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
284.50 kJ/mol   
37

Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
42.60 J/mol.K   
35

Summary >>
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