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Silver Scandium Comparison

Silver
Scandium
Scandium Silver comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag   
Sc   
Group Number
11   
7
3   
15
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440224   
99+
7440202   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
3 * 10-6 %   
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
0.00 %   
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
19
0.00 %   
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C   
99+
1,539.00 °C   
24
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C   
99+
2,832.00 °C   
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa   
37
750.00 MPa   
12
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa   
30
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
97.00 %   
1
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag   
Sc   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93   
9
1.36   
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83   
11
1.02   
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47   
15
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.87   
7
1.19   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07   
99+
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV   
20
3.50 eV   
31
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47   
99+
21   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47   
99+
21   
99+
Number of Neutrons
61   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Electrons
47   
99+
21   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm   
36
162.00 pm   
26
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm   
38
211.00 pm   
25
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu   
99+
44.96 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
58.00 (-eV)   
24
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm   
20
330.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3   
35
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3   
21
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
14
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
29.10 GPa   
24
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
56.60 GPa   
21
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa   
23
74.40 GPa   
26
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
0.28   
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50   
26
2.99   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Susceptibility
0.00   
5
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K   
1
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
Summary >>
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