Silver Scandium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag
Sc
Group Number
11
7
3
15
Period Number
5
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440224
99+
7440202
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
225.00
2
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Discovery
Before 5000 BC
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %
26
3 * 10-6 %
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
38
0.00 %
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
19
0.00 %
32
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
- Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
29
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.
20
0.00 p.p.m.
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C
99+
1,539.00 °C
24
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C
99+
2,832.00 °C
35
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50
14
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa
37
750.00 MPa
12
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa
30
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s
34
Not Available
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
97.00 %
1
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag
Sc
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
36
3
13
26
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93
9
1.36
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83
11
1.02
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42
18
1.20
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47
15
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.87
7
1.19
36
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07
99+
2.64
25
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol
27
633.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol
11
1,235.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol
19
2,388.60 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
7,090.60 kJ/mol
6
5th Energy Level
Not Available
8,843.00 kJ/mol
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,679.00 kJ/mol
7
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,310.00 kJ/mol
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,250.00 kJ/mol
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available
17,370.00 kJ/mol
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available
21,726.00 kJ/mol
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available
24,102.00 kJ/mol
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available
66,320.00 kJ/mol
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available
73,010.00 kJ/mol
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available
80,160.00 kJ/mol
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available
89,490.00 kJ/mol
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available
97,400.00 kJ/mol
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available
105,600.00 kJ/mol
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available
117,000.00 kJ/mol
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available
124,270.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr
7
0.56 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV
20
3.50 eV
31
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47
99+
21
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
47
99+
21
99+
Number of Neutrons
61
99+
24
99+
Number of Electrons
47
99+
21
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm
36
162.00 pm
26
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm
39
170.00 pm
25
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm
38
211.00 pm
25
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu
99+
44.96 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol
99+
15.00 cm3/mol
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)
99+
58.00 (-eV)
24
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm
20
330.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.59
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3
35
2.99 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3
21
2.80 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
14
0.00 (Pa)
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
91.30 (Pa)
3
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa
23
29.10 GPa
24
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa
16
56.60 GPa
21
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa
23
74.40 GPa
26
Poisson Ratio
0.37
7
0.28
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
10.50
26
2.99
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Susceptibility
0.00
5
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m
99+
562.00 nΩ·m
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω
1
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol
5
18.10 kJ/mol
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)
25
0.60 J/(kg K)
8
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K
99+
25.52 J/mol·K
37
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K
1
15.80 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)
23
10.20 µm/(m·K)
39
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol
37
314.20 kJ/mol
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol
31
14.10 kJ/mol
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol
37
343.00 kJ/mol
28
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K
35
34.60 J/mol.K
99+
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