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Silver vs Scandium

Silver
Scandium
Scandium vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag  
Sc  
Group Number
11  
7
3  
15
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440224  
99+
7440202  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Lars Fredrik Nilson  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
0.00 p.p.m.  
39
Physical
Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
1,539.00 °C  
24
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
2,832.00 °C  
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
99+
750.00 MPa  
13
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
99+
1,200.00 MPa  
13
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.16  
99+
1.80  
21
Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
93.00 %  
3
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ag  
Sc  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
10
1.36  
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
14
1.02  
40
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
28
1.36  
31
Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
10
1.19  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
2.64  
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
2,388.60 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,090.60 kJ/mol  
13
5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
8,843.00 kJ/mol  
7
6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
10,679.00 kJ/mol  
13
7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
13,310.00 kJ/mol  
8
8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
15,250.00 kJ/mol  
11
9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
17,370.00 kJ/mol  
14
10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
21,726.00 kJ/mol  
13
11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
24,102.00 kJ/mol  
16
12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
66,320.00 kJ/mol  
7
13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
73,010.00 kJ/mol  
2
14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,160.00 kJ/mol  
3
15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
89,490.00 kJ/mol  
6
16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
97,400.00 kJ/mol  
5
17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
105,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
117,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
124,270.00 kJ/mol  
8
20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
633.00 kJ/mol  
35
23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
633.10 kJ/mol  
37
25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
633.00 kJ/mol  
39
26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
633.10 kJ/mol  
38
27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
633.10 kJ/mol  
40
28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
0.56 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
27
3.50 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
47  
99+
21  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[Ar] 3d1 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47  
99+
21  
99+
Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Electrons
47  
99+
21  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
38
162.00 pm  
28
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
99+
211.00 pm  
32
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
44.96 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
58.00 (-eV)  
25
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
23
330.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
26
1.59  
24
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
37
2.99 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
2.80 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
91.30 (Pa)  
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
29.10 GPa  
28
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
56.60 GPa  
22
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
74.40 GPa  
28
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.28  
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50  
39
2.99  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
32
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
562.00 nΩ·m  
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
18.10 kJ/mol  
39
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
0.60 J/(kg K)  
8
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
15.80 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K  
99+
1,814.00 K  
28
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
10.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
314.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
14.10 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
343.00 kJ/mol  
38
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
34.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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