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Scandium vs Iron

Scandium
Iron
Iron vs Scandium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sc  
Fe  
Group Number
3  
15
8  
10
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440202  
99+
7439896  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson  
-  
Discovery
In 1879  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
16
0.11 %  
1
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
0.10 %  
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
18
22.00 %  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
23
6.30 %  
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
32
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.01 %  
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
39
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
Physical
Melting Point
1,539.00 °C  
24
1,535.00 °C  
25
Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C  
36
2,750.00 °C  
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Lustrous  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa  
13
200.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,200.00 MPa  
13
608.00 MPa  
27
Speed of Sound
6,100.00 m/s  
5
5,120.00 m/s  
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.80  
21
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
93.00 %  
3
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
β Allotropes
-  
beta Iron  
γ Allotropes
-  
gamma Iron  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sc  
Fe  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13  
26
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36  
30
1.83  
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02  
40
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.64  
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.36  
31
1.83  
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.19  
99+
1.80  
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64  
25
2.17  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol  
99+
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol  
13
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol  
13
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol  
8
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol  
11
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol  
14
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol  
13
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol  
16
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol  
7
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol  
2
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol  
3
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol  
6
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol  
5
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol  
8
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
20th Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
21st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
22nd Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol  
35
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
23rd Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
24th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
37
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
25th Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol  
39
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
26th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
38
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
27th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
40
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
28th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
29th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
30th Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV  
99+
4.70 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
21  
99+
26  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2  
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
21  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Neutrons
24  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
21  
99+
26  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm  
28
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm  
27
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm  
32
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
44.96 amu  
99+
55.85 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Calcium
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Titanium
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)  
25
67.00 (-eV)  
20
Lattice Constant
330.90 pm  
99+
286.65 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
24
1.35  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3  
99+
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3  
99+
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
150.00 MPa  
25
11,000.00 MPa  
1
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
19
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)  
3
36.80 (Pa)  
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa  
28
82.00 GPa  
11
Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa  
22
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa  
28
211.00 GPa  
9
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
18
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.99  
99+
7.20  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.01 H/m  
1
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
200,000.00  
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m  
10
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol  
39
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)  
8
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K  
99+
80.40 W/m·K  
22
Critical Temperature
1,814.00 K  
28
1,811.00 K  
29
Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol  
99+
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol  
29
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol  
38
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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