Scandium Iron Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sc
Fe
Group Number
3
15
8
10
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440202
99+
7439896
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Unknown
Discovery
In 1879
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 %
15
1.1 * 10-1 %
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.1 %
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
18
22.00 %
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
23
6.30 %
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
32
0.00 %
12
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.01 %
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
- Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
3
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
34
380.00 p.p.m.
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,539.00 °C
24
1,535.00 °C
25
Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C
35
2,750.00 °C
37
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa
12
200.00 MPa
40
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
608.00 MPa
18
Speed of Sound
Not Available
5,120.00 m/s
8
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
65.00 %
12
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
β Allotropes
Not Available
beta Iron
γ Allotropes
Not Available
gamma Iron
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sc
Fe
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
13
26
26
13
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36
29
1.83
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02
21
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
1.64
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.19
36
1.80
12
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64
25
2.17
40
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol
99+
762.50 kJ/mol
17
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol
36
3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol
99+
2,957.00 kJ/mol
29
4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol
6
5,290.00 kJ/mol
16
5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol
6
7,240.00 kJ/mol
16
6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol
7
9,560.00 kJ/mol
14
7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol
8
12,060.00 kJ/mol
15
8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol
11
14,580.00 kJ/mol
14
9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol
14
22,540.00 kJ/mol
5
10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol
13
25,290.00 kJ/mol
8
11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol
16
28,000.00 kJ/mol
9
12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol
2
31,920.00 kJ/mol
9
13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol
2
34,830.00 kJ/mol
9
14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol
3
37,840.00 kJ/mol
11
15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol
4
44,100.00 kJ/mol
11
16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol
5
47,206.00 kJ/mol
13
17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol
6
122,200.00 kJ/mol
1
18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol
7
131,000.00 kJ/mol
2
19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol
8
140,500.00 kJ/mol
3
20th Energy Level
Not Available
152,600.00 kJ/mol
5
21st Energy Level
Not Available
163,000.00 kJ/mol
5
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
173,600.00 kJ/mol
4
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
188,100.00 kJ/mol
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available
195,200.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV
31
4.70 eV
10
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
21
99+
26
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
21
99+
26
99+
Number of Neutrons
24
99+
30
99+
Number of Electrons
21
99+
26
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm
26
126.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm
25
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm
25
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
44.96 amu
99+
55.85 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol
34
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)
24
67.00 (-eV)
20
Lattice Constant
330.90 pm
99+
286.65 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
7
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3
99+
7.87 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3
99+
6.98 g/cm3
35
Tensile Strength
Not Available
11,000.00 MPa
1
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
22
0.00 (Pa)
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)
3
36.80 (Pa)
5
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa
24
82.00 GPa
11
Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa
21
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa
26
211.00 GPa
9
Poisson Ratio
0.28
18
0.29
15
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.99
99+
7.20
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
6.3 * 10-3 H/m
1
Susceptibility
Not Available
2,00,000.00
1
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m
10
96.10 nΩ·m
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω
20
Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol
33
15.70 kJ/mol
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)
8
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
37
25.10 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K
99+
80.40 W/m·K
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)
39
11.80 µm/(m·K)
33
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol
28
351.00 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol
25
14.90 kJ/mol
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol
28
414.20 kJ/mol
19
Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K
99+
27.30 J/mol.K
99+
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