Scandium Tin Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sc
Sn
Group Number
3
15
14
4
Period Number
4
5
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440202
99+
7440315
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
I41/amd
Space Group Number
194.00
5
141.00
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Unknown
Discovery
In 1879
Before 3500 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 %
15
4 * 10-7 %
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.0000009 %
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
18
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
23
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
32
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
- Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
22
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
34
1.40 p.p.m.
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,539.00 °C
24
231.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C
35
2,270.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa
12
50.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,730.00 m/s
32
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
β Allotropes
Not Available
White Tin (Beta Tin)
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sc
Sn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
13
26
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36
29
1.96
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02
21
1.49
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
1.72
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.21
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.19
36
1.82
11
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64
25
2.04
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol
99+
708.60 kJ/mol
33
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol
6
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol
6
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol
11
Not Available
9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol
14
Not Available
10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol
16
Not Available
12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol
2
Not Available
14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol
3
Not Available
15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol
4
Not Available
16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol
5
Not Available
17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol
6
Not Available
18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol
7
Not Available
19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol
8
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV
31
4.42 eV
16
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
21
99+
50
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
21
99+
50
99+
Number of Neutrons
24
99+
69
99+
Number of Electrons
21
99+
50
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm
26
140.00 pm
38
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm
25
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm
25
217.00 pm
23
Atomic Weight
44.96 amu
99+
118.71 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol
34
16.30 cm3/mol
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)
24
83.50 (-eV)
14
Lattice Constant
330.90 pm
99+
583.18 pm
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
7
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3
99+
7.37 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3
99+
6.99 g/cm3
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
22
0.00 (Pa)
17
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)
3
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa
24
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa
21
58.00 GPa
20
Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa
26
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
0.28
18
0.36
8
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.99
99+
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m
10
115.00 nΩ·m
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol
33
107.30 kJ/mol
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)
8
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
37
27.11 J/mol·K
20
Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K
99+
66.80 W/m·K
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)
39
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol
28
290.40 kJ/mol
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol
25
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol
28
301.30 kJ/mol
35
Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K
99+
51.20 J/mol.K
29
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