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Tin Scandium Comparison

Tin
Scandium
Scandium Tin comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Sc  
Group Number
14  
4
3  
15
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7440202  
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
141.00  
10
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Lars Fredrik Nilson  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
In 1879  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
0.00 p.p.m.  
39
Physical
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
1,539.00 °C  
24
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
2,832.00 °C  
36
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
750.00 MPa  
13
Vickers Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
1,200.00 MPa  
13
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.80  
21
Reflectivity
51.00 %  
30
93.00 %  
3
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
-  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
-  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Sc  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
9
1.36  
30
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
19
1.02  
40
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
5
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
5
1.36  
31
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
14
1.19  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
2.64  
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
2,388.60 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.60 kJ/mol  
13
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
8,843.00 kJ/mol  
7
6th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,679.00 kJ/mol  
13
7th Energy level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
13,310.00 kJ/mol  
8
8th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
15,250.00 kJ/mol  
11
9th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
17,370.00 kJ/mol  
14
10th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
21,726.00 kJ/mol  
13
11th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
24,102.00 kJ/mol  
16
12th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
66,320.00 kJ/mol  
7
13th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
73,010.00 kJ/mol  
2
14th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
80,160.00 kJ/mol  
3
15th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
89,490.00 kJ/mol  
6
16th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
97,400.00 kJ/mol  
5
17th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
105,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
18th Energy Level
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
117,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
19th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
124,270.00 kJ/mol  
8
20th Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
633.00 kJ/mol  
35
23rd Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
633.10 kJ/mol  
37
25th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
633.00 kJ/mol  
39
26th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
633.10 kJ/mol  
38
27th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
633.10 kJ/mol  
40
28th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
22
3.50 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
50  
99+
21  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Ar] 3d1 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
21  
99+
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
24  
99+
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
21  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
40
162.00 pm  
28
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
29
211.00 pm  
32
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
44.96 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
58.00 (-eV)  
25
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
330.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.68  
99+
1.59  
24
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
2.99 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
2.80 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
150.00 MPa  
25
Viscosity
0.00  
15
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
18
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
91.30 (Pa)  
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
29.10 GPa  
28
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
21
56.60 GPa  
22
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
74.40 GPa  
28
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.28  
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
2.99  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
562.00 nΩ·m  
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
18.10 kJ/mol  
39
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.60 J/(kg K)  
8
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
15.80 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
505.00 K  
99+
1,814.00 K  
28
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
10.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
314.20 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
14.10 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
343.00 kJ/mol  
38
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
34.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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