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Tin vs Scandium

Tin
Scandium
Scandium vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn   
Sc   
Group Number
14   
4
3   
15
Period Number
5   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440315   
99+
7440202   
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
141.00   
7
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Lars Fredrik Nilson   
Discovery
Before 3500 BC   
In 1879   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
3 * 10-6 %   
15
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
18
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
34
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
32
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
22
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
0.00 p.p.m.   
34
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C   
99+
1,539.00 °C   
24
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C   
99+
2,832.00 °C   
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa   
99+
750.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s   
32
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn   
Sc   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
13   
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96   
8
1.36   
29
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49   
15
1.02   
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72   
4
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21   
3
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.82   
11
1.19   
36
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04   
99+
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
633.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,235.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
2,388.60 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
7,090.60 kJ/mol   
6
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
8,843.00 kJ/mol   
6
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,679.00 kJ/mol   
7
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,310.00 kJ/mol   
8
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,250.00 kJ/mol   
11
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,370.00 kJ/mol   
14
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,726.00 kJ/mol   
13
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,102.00 kJ/mol   
16
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
66,320.00 kJ/mol   
2
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
73,010.00 kJ/mol   
2
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,160.00 kJ/mol   
3
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
89,490.00 kJ/mol   
4
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,400.00 kJ/mol   
5
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
117,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
124,270.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.56 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV   
16
3.50 eV   
31
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50   
99+
21   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
[Ar] 3d1 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50   
99+
21   
99+
Number of Neutrons
69   
99+
24   
99+
Number of Electrons
50   
99+
21   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm   
38
162.00 pm   
26
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
170.00 pm   
25
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm   
23
211.00 pm   
25
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu   
99+
44.96 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Calcium
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Titanium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)   
14
58.00 (-eV)   
24
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm   
7
330.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
7
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
2.99 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3   
34
2.80 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
17
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
91.30 (Pa)   
3
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
29.10 GPa   
24
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa   
20
56.60 GPa   
21
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
74.40 GPa   
26
Poisson Ratio
0.36   
8
0.28   
18
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
2.99   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
562.00 nΩ·m   
10
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
18.10 kJ/mol   
33
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
0.60 J/(kg K)   
8
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K   
25
15.80 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
10.20 µm/(m·K)   
39
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
314.20 kJ/mol   
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
14.10 kJ/mol   
25
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
343.00 kJ/mol   
28
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
34.60 J/mol.K   
99+
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