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Scandium vs Copper

Scandium
Copper
Copper vs Scandium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sc  
Cu  
Group Number
3  
15
11  
7
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440202  
99+
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson  
-  
Discovery
In 1879  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
18
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
23
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
32
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
22
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
39
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
1,539.00 °C  
24
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C  
36
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Copper  
Luster
Lustrous  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.50  
7
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa  
13
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,200.00 MPa  
13
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
6,100.00 m/s  
5
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.80  
21
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
93.00 %  
3
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sc  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13  
26
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36  
30
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02  
40
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.36  
31
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.19  
99+
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64  
25
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol  
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol  
13
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol  
13
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol  
8
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol  
11
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol  
14
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol  
13
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol  
16
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol  
7
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol  
2
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol  
3
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol  
6
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol  
5
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol  
6
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol  
8
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol  
35
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
37
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol  
39
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
38
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
40
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV  
99+
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
21  
99+
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
21  
99+
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
24  
99+
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
21  
99+
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm  
28
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm  
27
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm  
32
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
44.96 amu  
99+
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Calcium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Titanium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)  
25
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
330.90 pm  
99+
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
24
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3  
99+
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3  
99+
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
150.00 MPa  
25
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)  
3
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa  
28
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa  
22
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa  
28
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
18
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
2.99  
99+
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m  
10
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol  
39
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)  
8
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K  
99+
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
1,814.00 K  
28
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)  
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol  
99+
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol  
29
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol  
38
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K  
99+
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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