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Chemical Properties of Copper and Niobium

Copper
Niobium
Chemical Properties of Niobium and Copper


Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cu   
Nb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29   
10
17   
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90   
11
1.60   
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98   
9
1.42   
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75   
3
1.23   
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49   
14
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.85   
9
1.41   
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10   
99+
2.40   
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
Not Available   
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
Not Available   
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
Not Available   
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV   
11
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
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