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Niobium vs Platinum

Niobium
Platinum
Platinum vs Niobium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb   
Pt   
Group Number
5   
13
10   
8
Period Number
5   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440031   
99+
7440064   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett   
Antonio de Ulloa   
Discovery
In 1801   
In 1735   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %   
22
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
35
0.00 %   
25
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
25
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
34
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
Not Available   
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C   
6
1,772.00 °C   
16
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C   
99+
3,827.00 °C   
15
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
3.50   
11
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa   
14
300.00 MPa   
34
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa   
12
400.00 MPa   
25
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s   
21
2,800.00 m/s   
29
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Nb   
Pt   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17   
22
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60   
23
2.28   
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42   
16
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23   
25
1.44   
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.41   
31
1.72   
16
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40   
31
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
Not Available   
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV   
18
5.65 eV   
1
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
41   
99+
78   
38
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41   
99+
78   
38
Number of Neutrons
52   
99+
117   
24
Number of Electrons
41   
99+
78   
38
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm   
35
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm   
28
136.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
175.00 pm   
36
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu   
99+
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Iridium
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Gold
  
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)   
8
392.42 (-eV)   
1
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm   
99+
392.42 pm   
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
21.45 g/cm3   
11
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
19.77 g/cm3   
2
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa   
12
125.00 MPa   
14
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
27
0.07 (Pa)   
18
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa   
19
61.00 GPa   
14
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa   
10
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa   
20
168.00 GPa   
14
Poisson Ratio
0.40   
4
0.38   
6
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57   
37
21.45   
4
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K   
29
71.60 W/m·K   
24
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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