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Niobium vs Platinum

Niobium
Platinum
Platinum vs Niobium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Nb  
Pt  
Group Number
5  
13
10  
8
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440031  
99+
7440064  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett  
Antonio de Ulloa  
Discovery
In 1801  
In 1735  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
25
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
34
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
2,468.00 °C  
6
1,772.00 °C  
16
Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C  
99+
3,827.00 °C  
15
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
3.50  
12
Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPa  
15
300.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPa  
19
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s  
31
2,800.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.30  
8
2.41  
6
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
73.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Nb  
Pt  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
17  
22
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.60  
24
2.28  
4
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.42  
20
2.28  
5
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23  
26
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.60  
22
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.41  
35
1.72  
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.40  
31
1.72  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,791.00 kJ/mol  
22
3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,277.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
6
5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,702.00 kJ/mol  
9
6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
27
7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
8th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
23
9th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,660.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
11th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
12th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
14th Energy Level
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
16th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
27
18th Energy Level
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
19th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
25
20th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
21st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
38
22nd Energy Level
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
870.00 kJ/mol  
13
23rd Energy Level
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
870.10 kJ/mol  
39
24th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
870.00 kJ/mol  
9
25th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
26th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
27th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
870.10 kJ/mol  
6
28th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
870.10 kJ/mol  
9
29th Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
30th Energy Level
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.82 g/amp-hr  
39
Electron Work Function
4.30 eV  
25
5.65 eV  
4
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
41  
99+
78  
38
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
41  
99+
78  
38
Number of Neutrons
52  
99+
117  
25
Number of Electrons
41  
99+
78  
38
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
146.00 pm  
37
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
164.00 pm  
30
136.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
175.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
92.91 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
9.09 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zirconium
  
Iridium
  
Next Element
Molybdenum
  
Gold
  
Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)  
8
392.42 (-eV)  
1
Lattice Constant
330.04 pm  
99+
392.42 pm  
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.47  
99+
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
21.45 g/cm3  
11
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
19.77 g/cm3  
12
Tensile Strength
330.00 MPa  
14
125.00 MPa  
26
Viscosity
0.00  
22
0.00  
16
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
16
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
36
0.07 (Pa)  
18
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa  
20
61.00 GPa  
14
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
230.00 GPa  
6
Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa  
22
168.00 GPa  
15
Poisson Ratio
0.40  
4
0.38  
6
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.57  
99+
21.45  
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
4
0.00 H/m  
14
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
20
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
105.00 nΩ·m  
30
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
0.10 106/cm Ω  
26
Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
205.30 kJ/mol  
2
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
25.86 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K  
29
71.60 W/m·K  
24
Critical Temperature
2,750.00 K  
7
2,041.00 K  
19
Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
510.50 kJ/mol  
15
Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
19.70 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
565.00 kJ/mol  
15
Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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