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Platinum vs Niobium

Platinum
Niobium
Niobium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt   
Nb   
Group Number
10   
8
5   
13
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440064   
99+
7440031   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa   
Charles Hatchett   
Discovery
In 1735   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
2 * 10-7 %   
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
25
0.00 %   
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
25
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25
In Bone
Not Available   
0.07 p.p.m.   
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C   
16
2,468.00 °C   
6
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C   
15
2,468.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50   
11
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa   
34
735.00 MPa   
14
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
870.00 MPa   
12
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s   
29
3,480.00 m/s   
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt   
Nb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
17   
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
1.60   
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.42   
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.72   
16
1.41   
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
2.40   
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV   
1
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78   
38
41   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78   
38
41   
99+
Number of Neutrons
117   
24
52   
99+
Number of Electrons
78   
38
41   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
146.00 pm   
35
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
164.00 pm   
28
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm   
36
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
92.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)   
1
104.00 (-eV)   
8
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm   
24
330.04 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3   
11
8.57 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3   
2
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa   
14
330.00 MPa   
12
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)   
18
0.00 (Pa)   
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa   
14
38.00 GPa   
19
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa   
6
170.00 GPa   
10
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa   
14
105.00 GPa   
20
Poisson Ratio
0.38   
6
0.40   
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45   
4
8.57   
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
152.00 nΩ·m   
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
86.10 kJ/mol   
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K   
24
53.70 W/m·K   
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
696.60 kJ/mol   
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
27.20 kJ/mol   
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
745.00 kJ/mol   
4
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+
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