Platinum vs Niobium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt
Nb
Group Number
10
8
5
13
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440064
99+
7440031
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
- Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa
Charles Hatchett
Discovery
In 1735
In 1801
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.0000004 %
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
25
0.00 %
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
25
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
34
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
- Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
25
In Bone
Not Available
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C
16
2,468.00 °C
6
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C
15
2,468.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.50
11
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa
34
735.00 MPa
14
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa
25
870.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s
29
3,480.00 m/s
21
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt
Nb
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
17
22
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28
3
1.60
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.42
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.23
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.72
16
1.41
31
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72
99+
2.40
31
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol
10
652.10 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol
21
1,380.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available
2,416.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,700.00 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
4,877.00 kJ/mol
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,847.00 kJ/mol
11
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,100.00 kJ/mol
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr
35
0.69 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV
1
4.30 eV
18
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78
38
41
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
78
38
41
99+
Number of Neutrons
117
24
52
99+
Number of Electrons
78
38
41
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm
39
146.00 pm
35
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm
99+
164.00 pm
28
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm
36
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
99+
92.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol
99+
10.87 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)
1
104.00 (-eV)
8
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm
24
330.04 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3
11
8.57 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3
2
Not Available
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa
14
330.00 MPa
12
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)
18
0.00 (Pa)
27
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa
14
38.00 GPa
19
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa
6
170.00 GPa
10
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa
14
105.00 GPa
20
Poisson Ratio
0.38
6
0.40
4
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.45
4
8.57
37
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m
30
152.00 nΩ·m
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
21
0.07 106/cm Ω
28
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol
2
86.10 kJ/mol
12
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.26 J/(kg K)
20
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
24.60 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K
24
53.70 W/m·K
29
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)
99+
7.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol
11
696.60 kJ/mol
4
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol
12
27.20 kJ/mol
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol
11
745.00 kJ/mol
4
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
36.40 J/mol.K
99+
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