Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
Interesting Facts
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
Sources
Found in Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Who Discovered
Unknown
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
In 1879
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
-
Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Alloys
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Copper
Silvery White
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Reflectivity
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
20th Energy Level
Not Available
21st Energy Level
Not Available
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Scandium.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
Susceptibility
Not Available
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available