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Silver Rutherfordium Comparison

Silver
Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium Silver comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag  
Rf  
Group Number
11  
7
4  
14
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440224  
99+
53850365  
13
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1964  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
2,100.00 °C  
11
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
5,500.00 °C  
3
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
-  
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
99+
1,300.00 MPa  
9
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
99+
550.00 MPa  
31
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
6,100.00 m/s  
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.16  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ag  
Rf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
13  
26
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
10
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
14
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
28
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
10
0.90  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,389.40 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
2,296.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
11,600.00 kJ/mol  
7
7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
580.60 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
27
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
47  
99+
104  
14
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47  
99+
104  
14
Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
47  
99+
104  
14
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
38
150.00 pm  
35
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
157.00 pm  
33
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
99+
250.00 pm  
10
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
267.00 amu  
11
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
23.20 cm3/mol  
15
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Lawrencium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Dubnium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
6.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
23
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
26
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
37
23.20 g/cm3  
8
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
23.20 g/cm3  
9
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
23.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
23.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
12.80 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50  
39
23.00  
10
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
32
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
0.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
23.20 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
0.23 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K  
99+
2,400.00 K  
12
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
23.20 µm/(m·K)  
17
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
57.60 J/mol.K  
28
Summary >>
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