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Silver vs Cobalt

Silver
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag  
Co  
Group Number
11  
7
9  
9
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440224  
99+
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
99+
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
99+
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.16  
99+
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ag  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
10
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
14
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
28
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
10
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
27
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
47  
99+
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47  
99+
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
47  
99+
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
38
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
23
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
26
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
37
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50  
39
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
32
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K  
99+
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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