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Cobalt vs Iron

Cobalt
Iron
Iron vs Cobalt


Periodic Table
Symbol
Co  
Fe  
Group Number
9  
9
8  
10
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440484  
38
7439896  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
229.00  
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Georg Brandt  
Unknown  
Discovery
In 1732  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %  
9
1.1 * 10-1 %  
1
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %  
9
~0.1 %  
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %  
10
22.00 %  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
21
6.30 %  
2
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
20
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
17
0.01 %  
5
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.  
27
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,495.00 °C  
29
1,535.00 °C  
25
Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C  
34
2,750.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
5.00  
8
4.00  
10
Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa  
26
200.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa  
11
608.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s  
14
5,120.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
67.00 %  
11
65.00 %  
12
Allotropes
Yes  
Yes  
α Allotropes
α-Cobalt  
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
β Allotropes
β-Cobalt  
beta Iron  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
gamma Iron  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Co  
Fe  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.88  
12
1.83  
14
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.56  
1
2.20  
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.70  
5
1.64  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.84  
10
1.80  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.12  
99+
2.17  
40
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
31
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
36
3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
19
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
16
5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
12
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
16
6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
12
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
14
7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
9
13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
12
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
11
16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
11
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
13
17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
24th Energy Level
Not Available  
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
5.00 eV  
5
4.70 eV  
10
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
22  
99+
26  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
22  
99+
26  
99+
Number of Neutrons
26  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
22  
99+
26  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm  
34
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
160.00 pm  
30
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
28
200.00 pm  
28
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
55.85 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iron
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Nickel
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)  
10
67.00 (-eV)  
20
Lattice Constant
295.08 pm  
99+
286.65 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
6.98 g/cm3  
35
Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa  
9
11,000.00 MPa  
1
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
28
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)  
14
36.80 (Pa)  
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa  
17
82.00 GPa  
11
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa  
15
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa  
18
211.00 GPa  
9
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
4,500.00  
1
7.20  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
Not Available  
6.3 * 10-3 H/m  
1
Susceptibility
Not Available  
2,00,000.00  
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
20
Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol  
37
15.70 kJ/mol  
34
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
80.40 W/m·K  
22
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
33
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
15
351.00 kJ/mol  
23
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
14.90 kJ/mol  
22
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
15
414.20 kJ/mol  
19
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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