1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74402357440100
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
- The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
- Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
- Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
2.2 Sources
By Electrolysis Process, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Not Available
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-3 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.004 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.8 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.11 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.13 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
- Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
- The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
-
This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
3.2.5 In Bone
10,000.00 p.p.m.NA
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
97.72 °C935.00 °C
27
3410
4.4 Boiling Point
883.00 °C3,130.00 °C
147
5660
5.2 Appearance
5.2.1 Physical State
5.2.2 Color
Silvery White
Grayish White
5.2.3 Luster
5.3 Hardness
5.3.1 Mohs Hardness
5.6.2 Brinell Hardness
0.69 MPa481.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.6.4 Vickers Hardness
5.7 Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s2,280.00 m/s
818
16200
5.8 Optical Properties
5.8.1 Refractive Index
5.9.2 Reflectivity
5.10 Allotropes
5.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.7.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.7.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.8.1 Allen Electronegativity
6.11 Electropositivity
6.11.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.2 Ionization Energies
7.2.1 1st Energy Level
495.80 kJ/mol527.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.2.3 2nd Energy Level
4,562.00 kJ/mol1,020.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.2.4 3rd Energy Level
6,910.30 kJ/mol2,086.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.4.1 4th Energy Level
9,543.00 kJ/mol3,761.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.5.2 5th Energy Level
13,354.00 kJ/mol5,551.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
7.5.3 6th Energy Level
16,613.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
7.6.2 7th Energy level
20,117.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
7.6.3 8th Energy Level
25,496.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
7.6.5 9th Energy Level
28,932.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
7.6.6 10th Energy Level
141,362.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
7.6.8 11th Energy Level
159,076.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
7.7.1 12th Energy Level
7.7.2 13th Energy Level
8.1.2 14th Energy Level
8.1.5 15th Energy Level
8.1.6 16th Energy Level
8.1.8 17th Energy Level
8.2.3 18th Energy Level
8.2.5 19th Energy Level
8.2.6 20th Energy Level
8.2.8 21st Energy Level
9.1.1 22nd Energy Level
9.1.2 23rd Energy Level
9.2.1 24th Energy Level
9.3.1 25th Energy Level
9.3.2 26th Energy Level
9.4.1 27th Energy Level
9.5.1 28th Energy Level
9.5.2 29th Energy Level
9.6.2 30th Energy Level
9.7 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.86 g/amp-hr1.75 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.8 Electron Work Function
9.9 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.3 Electron Configuration
10.4 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.4.1 Crystal Lattice
10.5 Atom
10.5.1 Number of Protons
10.5.2 Number of Neutrons
10.5.3 Number of Electrons
10.6 Radius of an Atom
10.6.1 Atomic Radius
186.00 pm182.00 pm
112
265
10.6.2 Covalent Radius
166.00 pm203.00 pm
96
260
10.6.3 Van der Waals Radius
227.00 pm239.00 pm
139
348
10.7 Atomic Weight
22.99 amu140.91 amu
6.94
294
10.8 Atomic Volume
23.70 cm3/mol20.80 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.9.1 Previous Element
10.9.2 Next Element
10.10 Valence Electron Potential
14.10 (-eV)42.64 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.11 Lattice Constant
429.06 pm367.25 pm
228.58
891.25
10.12 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
0.97 g/cm36.77 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
0.93 g/cm36.50 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.2 Tensile Strength
11.3 Viscosity
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA13.20 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
3.30 GPa14.80 GPa
1.3
222
11.5.2 Bulk Modulus
6.30 GPa28.80 GPa
1.6
462
11.5.3 Young's Modulus
10.00 GPa37.30 GPa
1.7
528
11.6 Poisson Ratio
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.1.3 Permeability
12.1.4 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
12.2.2 Resistivity
47.70 nΩ·m0.70 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
52.80 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
1.23 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.23 J/mol·K27.20 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
142.00 W/m·K12.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.4 Critical Temperature
13.5 Thermal Expansion
71.00 µm/(m·K)6.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
89.04 kJ/mol296.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.59 kJ/mol6.89 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
108.40 kJ/mol368.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
51.30 J/mol.K73.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1