Sodium

Indium

Sodium vs Indium

Sodium

Indium

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Periodic Table

Symbol

Group Number

113

0 17

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Period Number

2 7

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Block

s block

p block

Element Family

Alkali

Post-Transition

CAS Number

74402357440746

7429905 54386242

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Space Group Name

Im_ 3m

I4/mmm

Space Group Number

229.00139.00

11 276

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Facts

Interesting Facts

At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).

Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.

Sources

By Electrolysis Process, Mining

Mining, Ores of metals

History

Who Discovered

Humphry Davy

Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter

Discovery

In 1807

In 1863

Abundance

Abundance In Universe

0.00 %0.00 %

0 0.11

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Abundance In Sun

0.00 %0.00 %

0 0.1

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Abundance In Meteorites

0.55 %0.00 %

0 22

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Abundance In Earth's Crust

2.30 %0.00 %

1E-37 8.1

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Abundance In Oceans

1.10 %0.00 %

0 1.1

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Abundance In Humans

0.14 %0.00 %

0 1.4

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Uses

Uses & Benefits

In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.

It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.

Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.

Industrial Uses

Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry

Medical Uses

Pharmaceutical Industry

Medical Research

Other Uses

Alloys

Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors

Biological Properties

Toxicity

Toxic

Non Toxic

Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

In Blood

1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

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In Bone

10,000.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

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Physical

Melting Point

97.72 °C156.61 °C

-38.83 3410

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Boiling Point

883.00 °C2,000.00 °C

0 5660

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Appearance

Physical State

Solid

Color

Silvery White

Silvery Gray

Luster

Metallic

Lustrous

Hardness

Mohs Hardness

0.501.20

0.2 8.5

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Brinell Hardness

0.69 MPa8.80 MPa

0.14 3490

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Vickers Hardness

0.69 MPa0.01 MPa

0 3920

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Speed of Sound

3,200.00 m/s1,215.00 m/s

818 16200

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Optical Properties

Refractive Index

1.333.41

0.155 3.41

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Reflectivity

53.00 %83.00 %

5 97

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Allotropes

✔ ✘

α Allotropes

β Allotropes

γ Allotropes

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Isotopes

Known Isotopes

1735

0 38

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Electronegativity

Pauling Electronegativity

0.931.78

0 2.6

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Sanderson Electronegativity

0.562.14

0.22 2.56

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Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.011.49

0.86 1.9

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Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

0.911.76

0.62 2.48

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Allen Electronegativity

0.871.66

0.659 2.7

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Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

3.072.22

1.46 3.3

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Ionization Energies

1st Energy Level

495.80 kJ/mol558.30 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

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2nd Energy Level

4,562.00 kJ/mol1,820.70 kJ/mol

392.8 28750

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3rd Energy Level

6,910.30 kJ/mol2,704.00 kJ/mol

392.8 34230

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4th Energy Level

9,543.00 kJ/mol5,210.00 kJ/mol

375.7 37066

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5th Energy Level

13,354.00 kJ/mol5,580.00 kJ/mol

392 97510

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6th Energy Level

16,613.00 kJ/mol5,580.00 kJ/mol

1007 105800

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7th Energy level

20,117.00 kJ/mol5,580.00 kJ/mol

1007 114300

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8th Energy Level

25,496.00 kJ/mol5,580.00 kJ/mol

730 125300

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9th Energy Level

28,932.00 kJ/mol5,580.00 kJ/mol

1007 134700

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10th Energy Level

141,362.00 kJ/mol5,580.00 kJ/mol

392 144300

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11th Energy Level

159,076.00 kJ/mol5,580.00 kJ/mol

392 169988

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12th Energy Level

4,950.00 kJ/mol5,580.00 kJ/mol

0 189368

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13th Energy Level

4,950.00 kJ/mol5,580.00 kJ/mol

1007 76015

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14th Energy Level

495.80 kJ/mol558.30 kJ/mol

380 86450

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15th Energy Level

49,500.00 kJ/mol55,800.00 kJ/mol

33000 100700

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16th Energy Level

49,500.00 kJ/mol558.30 kJ/mol

375.7 109480

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17th Energy Level

495.80 kJ/mol558.30 kJ/mol

375.7 122200

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18th Energy Level

4,960.00 kJ/mol5,580.00 kJ/mol

0 134810

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19th Energy Level

495.80 kJ/mol558.30 kJ/mol

375.7 148700

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20th Energy Level

496.00 kJ/mol558.00 kJ/mol

0 171200

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21st Energy Level

495.80 kJ/mol558.30 kJ/mol

375.7 179100

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22nd Energy Level

495.00 kJ/mol558.00 kJ/mol

330 184900

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23rd Energy Level

495.80 kJ/mol5,581.00 kJ/mol

357.6 198800

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24th Energy Level

495.80 kJ/mol558.30 kJ/mol

297.3 195200

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25th Energy Level

496.00 kJ/mol558.00 kJ/mol

0 121900

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26th Energy Level

495.80 kJ/mol558.30 kJ/mol

357.6 127700

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27th Energy Level

495.80 kJ/mol558.30 kJ/mol

0 133800

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28th Energy Level

495.80 kJ/mol558.30 kJ/mol

297.3 139800

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29th Energy Level

495.80 kJ/mol558.30 kJ/mol

0 148100

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30th Energy Level

495.80 kJ/mol558.00 kJ/mol

0 154500

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Electrochemical Equivalent

0.86 g/amp-hr1.43 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

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Electron Work Function

2.75 eV4.12 eV

2.14 6

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Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility

Atomic

Atomic Number

1149

3 117

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Electron Configuration

[Ne] 3s¹

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p¹

Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Tetragonal (TETR)

Crystal Lattice

Atom

Number of Protons

1149

3 117

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Number of Neutrons

1266

4 285

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Number of Electrons

1149

3 117

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Radius of an Atom

Atomic Radius

186.00 pm167.00 pm

0 348

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Covalent Radius

166.00 pm142.00 pm

0 260

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Van der Waals Radius

227.00 pm193.00 pm

0 348

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Atomic Weight

22.99 amu114.82 amu

6.94 294

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Atomic Volume

23.70 cm3/mol15.70 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

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Adjacent Atomic Numbers

Previous Element

Next Element

Valence Electron Potential

14.10 (-eV)54.00 (-eV)

0 392.42

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Lattice Constant

429.06 pm325.23 pm

0 891.25

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Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

Lattice C/A Ratio

1.011.56

0.423 1.9

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Mechanical

Density

Density At Room Temperature

0.97 g/cm³7.31 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

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Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

0.93 g/cm37.02 g/cm3

0.512 41

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Tensile Strength

10.00 MPa2.50 MPa

0.1 11000

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Viscosity

0.000.00

1.5E-05 0.0035

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Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)0.01 (Pa)

0 121

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Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

0 774

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Elasticity properties

Shear Modulus

3.30 GPa18.00 GPa

1.3 222

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Bulk Modulus

6.30 GPa46.90 GPa

0 462

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Young's Modulus

10.00 GPa11.00 GPa

0 528

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Poisson Ratio

0.370.44

0.032 0.47

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Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

Magnetic

Magnetic Characteristics

Specific Gravity

0.977.31

0.53 4500

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Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Diamagnetic

Permeability

0.00 H/m0.00 H/m

1.25643E-06 0.0063

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Susceptibility

0.000.00

-0.000166 200000

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Electrical Properties

Electrical Property

Conductor

Resistivity

47.70 nΩ·m83.70 nΩ·m

0.1 961

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Electrical Conductivity

0.21 10⁶/cm Ω0.12 10⁶/cm Ω

0 0.63

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Electron Affinity

52.80 kJ/mol28.90 kJ/mol

0 222.8

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Thermal

Specific Heat

1.23 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)

0.1 3.6

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Molar Heat Capacity

28.23 J/mol·K26.74 J/mol·K

13.1 62.7

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Thermal Conductivity

142.00 W/m·K81.80 W/m·K

0 429

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Critical Temperature

2,573.00 K429.75 K

26.3 3695

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Thermal Expansion

71.00 µm/(m·K)32.10 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

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Enthalpy

Enthalpy of Vaporization

89.04 kJ/mol226.40 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

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Enthalpy of Fusion

2.59 kJ/mol3.28 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

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Enthalpy of Atomization

108.40 kJ/mol242.70 kJ/mol

61.5 837

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Standard Molar Entropy

51.30 J/mol.K57.80 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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