Strontium vs Nickel
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sr
Ni
Group Number
2
16
10
8
Period Number
5
4
Block
s block
d block
Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440246
99+
7440020
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Strontium element is softer than Calcium.
- Silvery Strontium turns yellow, if exposed to air.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
William Cruickshank
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Discovery
In 1787
In 1751
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-6 %
14
6 * 10-3 %
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.000005 %
15
~0.008 %
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
15
1.30 %
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.04 %
10
0.01 %
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
4
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
7
0.00 %
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Strontium metal is used to producing ferrite magnets as well as refining zinc.
- By-product of nuclear reactors called Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope; it is absorbed by tissues and destroys bone marrow and cancer growth.
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.03 Blood/mg dm-3
19
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
17
In Bone
140.00 p.p.m.
7
0.70 p.p.m.
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
769.00 °C
99+
1,453.00 °C
31
Boiling Point
1,384.00 °C
99+
2,732.00 °C
38
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
667.00 MPa
18
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
638.00 MPa
16
Speed of Sound
Not Available
4,900.00 m/s
12
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
72.00 %
9
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sr
Ni
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
0.95
99+
1.91
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.72
27
1.94
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.99
37
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.00
18
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
0.96
40
1.88
6
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
3.05
7
2.09
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
549.50 kJ/mol
99+
737.10 kJ/mol
25
2nd Energy Level
1,064.20 kJ/mol
99+
1,753.00 kJ/mol
25
3rd Energy Level
4,138.00 kJ/mol
10
3,395.00 kJ/mol
17
4th Energy Level
5,500.00 kJ/mol
13
5,300.00 kJ/mol
15
5th Energy Level
6,910.00 kJ/mol
18
7,339.00 kJ/mol
15
6th Energy Level
8,760.00 kJ/mol
18
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
10,230.00 kJ/mol
19
12,800.00 kJ/mol
10
8th Energy Level
11,800.00 kJ/mol
19
15,600.00 kJ/mol
10
9th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol
17
18,600.00 kJ/mol
10
10th Energy Level
17,100.00 kJ/mol
19
21,670.00 kJ/mol
14
11th Energy Level
31,270.00 kJ/mol
6
30,970.00 kJ/mol
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available
34,000.00 kJ/mol
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available
37,100.00 kJ/mol
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available
41,500.00 kJ/mol
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available
44,800.00 kJ/mol
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available
48,100.00 kJ/mol
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,101.00 kJ/mol
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available
58,570.00 kJ/mol
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available
148,700.00 kJ/mol
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available
159,000.00 kJ/mol
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available
169,400.00 kJ/mol
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
182,700.00 kJ/mol
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
194,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.64 g/amp-hr
99+
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.59 eV
99+
5.15 eV
2
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
38
99+
28
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 5s2
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Strontium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
38
99+
28
99+
Number of Neutrons
50
99+
31
99+
Number of Electrons
38
99+
28
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
215.00 pm
5
124.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
195.00 pm
15
124.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
249.00 pm
7
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
87.62 amu
99+
58.69 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
33.70 cm3/mol
6
6.59 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
25.70 (-eV)
99+
42.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
608.49 pm
6
352.40 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.64 g/cm3
99+
8.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.38 g/cm3
99+
7.81 g/cm3
29
Tensile Strength
Not Available
345.00 MPa
11
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
121.00 (Pa)
1
0.00 (Pa)
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
19.50 (Pa)
6
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
6.03 GPa
99+
76.00 GPa
12
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
15.70 GPa
99+
200.00 GPa
11
Poisson Ratio
0.28
17
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.64
99+
8.90
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
0.00 H/m
2
Susceptibility
Not Available
600.00
2
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
NA
Conductor
Resistivity
132.00 nΩ·m
24
69.30 nΩ·m
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω
26
0.14 106/cm Ω
13
Electron Affinity
5.03 kJ/mol
38
112.00 kJ/mol
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K
28
26.07 J/mol·K
31
Thermal Conductivity
35.40 W/m·K
37
90.90 W/m·K
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.50 µm/(m·K)
18
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/mol
99+
371.80 kJ/mol
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.16 kJ/mol
38
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
163.20 kJ/mol
99+
422.60 kJ/mol
17
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K
26
29.90 J/mol.K
99+
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